影响游泳运动员参加奥运会的损伤与身体特征：一项前瞻性调查。
Injuries and physical characteristics affecting swimmer participation in the Olympics: A prospective survey.
作者信息
Matsuura Yuiko, Hangai Mika, Koizumi Keisuke, Ueno Koji, Hirai Norimasa, Akuzawa Hiroshi, Kaneoka Koji
机构信息
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; Japan Swimming Federation Medical Committee, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Swimming Federation Medical Committee, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
Phys Ther Sport. 2020 Jul;44:128-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.05.001. Epub 2020 May 8.
OBJECTIVE
To identify injuries and physical characteristics affecting swimmers' performance.
DESIGN
Prospective study.
SETTING
Laboratory-based.
PARTICIPANTS
Sixty-four Rio Olympic candidates (36 men, 28 women), who were high level swimmers ranked among the top 32 in the 2014 World Ranking in swimming. The participants were categorized into the Olympian group (n = 25), swimmers who were consecutively selected for the Olympic team, and the non-Olympian group (n = 39), swimmers who were not.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Four months prior to the Olympic qualification in 2016, an orthopedist and two physical therapists evaluated injuries and 11 physical characteristics of the swimmers. The prevalence of total overuse injuries, shoulder and low back injury, and physical characteristics were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The female swimmers in the non-Olympian group had a 53.3% prevalence of total overuse injuries, which was significantly higher than that of those in the Olympian group with 15.4% (p = 0.037). The prevalence of total over use injuries in male swimmers in both the Olympian and non-Olympian groups was 41.7%. Female Olympian group showed that the shoulder external rotation range of motion was significantly less than that of non-Olympian group (97.8 ± 5.7 and 103.6 ± 7.3, p = 0.046).
CONCLUSIONS
In female swimmers, total overuse injuries four months before an important competition influence their performance at the event.
目的
确定影响游泳运动员成绩的损伤和身体特征。
设计
前瞻性研究。
地点
基于实验室。
参与者
64名里约奥运会候选人（36名男性，28名女性），他们是高水平游泳运动员，在2014年游泳世界排名中位列前32名。参与者被分为奥运选手组（n = 25），即连续入选奥运代表队的游泳运动员，和非奥运选手组（n = 39），即未入选的游泳运动员。
主要观察指标
在2016年奥运会资格赛的四个月前，一名骨科医生和两名物理治疗师对游泳运动员的损伤和11项身体特征进行了评估。比较了两组之间总过度使用损伤、肩部和腰部损伤的患病率以及身体特征。
结果
非奥运选手组的女性游泳运动员总过度使用损伤的患病率为53.3%，显著高于奥运选手组的15.4%（p = 0.037）。奥运选手组和非奥运选手组的男性游泳运动员总过度使用损伤的患病率均为41.7%。女性奥运选手组的肩部外旋活动范围明显小于非奥运选手组（97.8±5.7和103.6±7.3，p = 0.046）。
结论
对于女性游泳运动员而言，在重要比赛前四个月的总过度使用损伤会影响她们在该赛事中的表现。
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