单独使用埃托啡与埃托啡-唑拉西泮对南非白纹牛羚（Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi）的固定质量和心肺影响的比较。

Immobilization quality and cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine alone compared with etorphine-azaperone in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi).

机构信息

Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wildlife Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd., White River, South Africa.

出版信息

Vet Anaesth Analg. 2020 Jul;47(4):528-536. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.10.012. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2019.10.012

PMID:32507718

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the immobilization quality and cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine alone compared with etorphine-azaperone in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi).

STUDY DESIGN

Blinded, randomized, crossover design.

ANIMALS

A total of 12 boma-habituated female blesbok weighing [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] 57.5 ± 2.5 kg.

METHODS

Each animal was administered etorphine (0.09 mg kg) or etorphine-azaperone (0.09 mg kg; 0.35 mg kg) intramuscularly with 1-week intertreatment washout period. Time to first sign of altered state of consciousness and immobilization time were recorded. Physiological variables were recorded, arterial blood samples were taken during a 40-minute immobilization period, and naltrexone (mean ± SD: 1.83 ± 0.06 mg kg) was intravenously administered. Recovery times were documented, and induction, immobilization and recovery were subjectively scored. Statistical analyses were performed; p < 0.05 was significant.

RESULTS

No difference was observed in time to first sign, immobilization time and recovery times between treatments. Time to head up was longer with etorphine-azaperone (0.5 ± 0.2 versus 0.4 ± 0.2 minutes; p = 0.015). Etorphine caused higher arterial blood pressures (mean: 131 ± 17 versus 110 ± 11 mmHg, p < 0.0001), pH, rectal temperature and arterial oxygen partial pressure (59.2 ± 7.7 versus 42.2 ± 9.8 mmHg), but lower heart (p = 0.002) and respiratory rates (p = 0.01). Etorphine-azaperone combination led to greater impairment of ventilatory function, with higher end-tidal carbon dioxide (p < 0.0001) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (58.0 ± 4.5 versus 48.1 ± 5.1 mmHg). Immobilization quality was greater with etorphine-azaperone than with etorphine alone (median scores: 4 versus 3; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Both treatments provided satisfactory immobilization of blesbok; however, in addition to a deeper level of immobilization, etorphine-azaperone caused greater ventilatory impairment. Oxygen supplementation is recommended with both treatments.

摘要

目的

评估单独使用埃托啡与埃托啡-氟烷在南非大羚羊（Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi）中的麻醉效果和心肺影响。

研究设计

双盲、随机、交叉设计。

动物

共 12 只习惯围栏的雌性南非大羚羊，体重[平均值±标准差（SD）]为 57.5±2.5kg。

方法

每只动物肌肉注射埃托啡（0.09mg/kg）或埃托啡-氟烷（0.09mg/kg；0.35mg/kg），每种处理之间有 1 周的洗脱期。记录首次出现意识改变状态和麻醉时间。记录生理变量，在 40 分钟麻醉期间采集动脉血样，并静脉注射纳曲酮（平均±SD：1.83±0.06mg/kg）。记录恢复时间，并对诱导、麻醉和恢复进行主观评分。进行统计学分析；p<0.05 为有统计学意义。

结果

两种处理之间首次出现意识改变的时间、麻醉时间和恢复时间无差异。头抬起的时间埃托啡-氟烷组更长（0.5±0.2 分钟 vs. 0.4±0.2 分钟；p=0.015）。埃托啡引起更高的动脉血压（平均：131±17mmHg 与 110±11mmHg，p<0.0001）、pH 值、直肠温度和动脉血氧分压（59.2±7.7mmHg 与 42.2±9.8mmHg），但更低的心率（p=0.002）和呼吸频率（p=0.01）。埃托啡-氟烷组合导致更严重的通气功能障碍，呼气末二氧化碳（p<0.0001）和动脉二氧化碳分压（58.0±4.5mmHg 与 48.1±5.1mmHg）更高。埃托啡-氟烷的麻醉质量优于埃托啡单独使用（中位数评分：4 分 vs. 3 分；p<0.0001）。