BACKGROUND

Dust exposure at quarry mines is inevitable and can result in poor air quality. This research aimed to assess pulmonary symptoms and lung functions of dust-exposed workers at an iron-ore mine in eastern Iran.

METHODS

An environmental cross-sectional study sampled 174 dust-exposed mine workers and 93 unexposed administrative employees as the reference group. A standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was completed in accordance with recommendations of the American Thoracic Society(ATS). Calibrated spirometer measured Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Data were analyzed SPSS-21, integrating independent samples t-test, Chi-square and linear or logistic-regression models.

RESULTS

There was no significant variation between dust-exposed and reference groups in terms of age, weight, height, work experience and the number of smokers (>0.05). Mean levels of exposure to inhalable and respirable mineral-dust were 15.09±2.34 and 3.45±2.57 mg/m respectively. Pulmonary capacities of dust-exposed group were considerably decreased as compared to others (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] 86.55±13.77 . 105.05±21.5; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1] 88.06±16.8 . 105.81±21.55; FEV1/FVC 103.03±18.17 . 93.3±12.49; and Peak Expiratory Flow [PEF] 89.82±22.58 . 98.09±20.60) (<0.001); with a higher prevalence of cough (=0.041), wheezing (=0.032), and dyspnea (=0.035) among formers. Age along with exposure to respirable-dust significantly reduced FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Cigarette consumption attenuated FVC and FEV1 on an average of 5 to 9 units.

CONCLUSION

Controlled occupational dust-exposure is a definitive pre-requisite to reduce respiratory problems among quarry workers, with an explicit consideration towards mineral- mine workers. Modifiable accomplices like smoking and non-compliance of PPEs usage should be amicably resolved.