Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 4;21(11):4012. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114012.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is a multifactorial disease, where both environmental and genetic factors can have an impact on its occurrence and development. The incidence rate of GC rises progressively with age; the median age at diagnosis is 70 years. However, approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas are detected at the age of 45 or younger. Early-onset gastric cancer is a good model to study genetic alterations related to the carcinogenesis process, as young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the progressive development of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of various genes, which are responsible for the occurrence of the disease.
胃癌（GC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症相关死亡的第四大主要原因。GC 是一种多因素疾病，环境和遗传因素都可能对其发生和发展产生影响。GC 的发病率随年龄逐渐升高；诊断时的中位年龄为 70 岁。然而，约有 10%的胃癌在 45 岁或更年轻时被检出。早发性胃癌是研究与癌变过程相关的遗传改变的良好模型，因为年轻患者接触环境致癌物的机会较少。癌变是一种多阶段疾病过程，其特征是各种基因表达中的突变和表观遗传改变的逐渐发展，这些改变导致疾病的发生。
