Gallavotti Giovanni
INFN Roma1, and Accademia dei Lincei, Roma, Italy.
Eur Phys J E Soft Matter. 2020 Jun 12;43(6):37. doi: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11961-0.
The fluctuation theorem is considered intrinsically linked to reversibility and therefore its phenomenological consequence, the fluctuation relation, is sometimes considered not applicable. Nevertheless here is considered the paradigmatic example of irreversible evolution, the 2D Navier-Stokes incompressible flow, to show how universal properties of fluctuations in systems evolving irreversibily could be predicted in a general context. Together with a formulation of the theoretical framework several open questions are formulated and a few more simulations are provided to illustrate the results and to stimulate further checks.
涨落定理被认为与可逆性有着内在联系，因此其唯象学结果——涨落关系，有时被认为不适用。然而，本文考虑了不可逆演化的典型例子，即二维纳维 - 斯托克斯不可压缩流，以展示在一般情况下如何预测不可逆演化系统中涨落的普遍性质。除了给出理论框架的公式外，还提出了几个开放性问题，并提供了更多的模拟来阐述结果并激发进一步的检验。
