Nottingham Urology Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , Nottingham, UK.
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020 Sep;17(9):1259-1268. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1782383. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is estimated that 20-30% of adult men will have at least one episode of ED during their lifetime and the prevalence increases with age. ED is known to have significant negative psychological implications for men, resulting in impaired functional status and a greater prevalence of anxiety and depression.
Medications for the treatment of erectile dysfunction largely revolve around oral, injection, and topical therapies. Though all three modalities are widely used, each delivery option has its own advantages and specific indications. Likewise, there are several new developing treatments for ED that may change the landscape of treatment. The goal of this review is to summarize contemporary drug delivery options used in the treatment of ED and highlight future promising pharmacological developments.
There are a myriad of new developments on the horizon including new PDE5Is and drug targets, nanotechnology enhancements, stem cell and gene therapy, shockwave therapy, and platelet-rich plasma injections. These are all promising new methods to not only treat ED but also to address the pathology and prevent or eliminate further damage.
勃起功能障碍（ED）定义为无法获得或维持足以满足满意的性表现的勃起。据估计，成年男性中有 20-30%在其一生中至少会有一次 ED 发作，并且随着年龄的增长患病率会增加。ED 已知对男性有重大的负面心理影响，导致功能状态受损，焦虑和抑郁的患病率更高。
治疗勃起功能障碍的药物主要围绕口服、注射和局部治疗。虽然所有三种方式都被广泛使用，但每种输送方式都有其自身的优势和特定的适应证。同样，也有几种新的 ED 治疗方法正在开发中，这可能会改变治疗格局。本综述的目的是总结 ED 治疗中使用的当代药物输送选择，并强调未来有前途的药理学进展。
有许多新的发展正在出现，包括新的 PDE5Is 和药物靶点、纳米技术增强、干细胞和基因治疗、冲击波治疗和富含血小板的血浆注射。这些都是有前途的新方法，不仅可以治疗 ED，还可以解决病理问题并预防或消除进一步的损害。
