Multi-mode Organic Light-Emitting Diode to Suppress the Viewing Angle Dependence.

A typical top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has a strong microcavity effect because of the two reflective electrodes. The cavity effect causes a serious color shift with the viewing angles and restricts the organic layer thickness. To overcome these drawbacks, we design a multi-mode OLED structure with dual-dielectric spacer layers, which extend the cavity length by more than 10 times. This design completely eliminates the intrinsic cavity effect caused by the top and bottom boundaries and provides freedom for the organic layer thickness. We demonstrate these effects in a white multi-mode OLED using a white emitter, which shows a negligible angular chromaticity shift of Δ = 0.006 from 0 to 70° and a Lambertian emission profile. The simple design and the perfect angular color profiles make the multi-mode OLED structure promising in large-area displays and solid-state lighting applications.