Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.
Department of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah; Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
Sleep Health. 2020 Oct;6(5):578-586. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
To determine how demographic, socioeconomic, and neighborhood characteristics are associated with bedtimes among US kindergarteners.
Parents reported bedtimes of their children as well as personal, household, and residential characteristics via interviews in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) Class of 1998-1999. The ECLS-K links individual households to US Census tracts.
A random selection of 1,280 schools and surrounding communities in the US.
A random selection of 16,936 kindergarteners and their parents.
The 2 outcomes were regular and latest weekday bedtimes of kindergarteners. Through a series of nested multilevel regression models, these outcomes were regressed on individual- and neighborhood-level variables, including race/ethnicity, sex, family type, household income, mother's educational attainment, neighborhood disorder, and several additional neighborhood characteristics.
Models showed significant (P < .05) bedtime disparities by race/ethnicity, sex, family income, and mother's educational attainment. Additionally, models tended to indicate that kindergarteners from disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced later bedtimes than children from more advantaged areas. Neighborhood characteristics accounted for a portion of racial/ethnic differences, suggesting that bedtime disparities are partly rooted in disparate environmental conditions.
Reducing disparities in childhood sleep may require programs that target not only children and their parents, but also the communities in which they reside.
确定美国幼儿园儿童的睡眠时间与人口统计学、社会经济和邻里特征之间的关系。
通过对 1998-1999 年“幼儿纵向研究-幼儿园（ECLS-K）班”的家长进行访谈，报告儿童的就寝时间以及个人、家庭和居住特征。ECLS-K 将各个家庭与美国人口普查区联系起来。
美国随机选择的 1280 所学校及其周边社区。
随机选择的 16936 名幼儿园儿童及其家长。
这两个结果是幼儿园儿童的常规和最近工作日就寝时间。通过一系列嵌套的多层次回归模型，将这些结果与个体和邻里层面的变量进行回归，包括种族/民族、性别、家庭类型、家庭收入、母亲的教育程度、邻里混乱以及其他一些邻里特征。
模型显示了种族/民族、性别、家庭收入和母亲教育程度方面的显著（P<0.05）睡眠时间差异。此外，模型还表明，来自贫困社区的幼儿园儿童比来自较富裕地区的儿童入睡时间更晚。邻里特征解释了部分种族/民族差异，表明睡眠时间的差异部分源于不同的环境条件。
减少儿童睡眠差距可能需要针对不仅针对儿童及其父母，还针对他们所居住的社区的计划。
