Stamoulis Kostantinos A, Delevaux Jade M S, Williams Ivor D, Friedlander Alan M, Reichard Jake, Kamikawa Keith, Harvey Euan S
Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America.
PeerJ. 2020 Jun 3;8:e9246. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9246. eCollection 2020.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to interpret and map fish distributions based on habitat variables and other drivers. Reef fish avoidance behavior has been shown to vary in the presence of divers and is primarily driven by spearfishing pressure. Diver avoidance behavior or fish wariness may spatially influence counts and other descriptive measures of fish assemblages. Because fish assemblage metrics are response variables for SDMs, measures of fish wariness may be useful as predictors in SDMs of fishes targeted by spearfishing. We used a diver operated stereo-video system to conduct fish surveys and record minimum approach distance (MAD) of targeted reef fishes inside and outside of two marine reserves on the island of O'ahu in the main Hawaiian Islands. By comparing MAD between sites and management types we tested the assumption that it provides a proxy for fish wariness related to spearfishing pressure. We then compared the accuracy of SDMs which included MAD as a predictor with SDMs that did not. Individual measures of MAD differed between sites though not management types. When included as a predictor, MAD averaged at the transect level greatly improved the accuracy of SDMs of targeted fish biomass.
物种分布模型（SDMs）用于根据栖息地变量和其他驱动因素来解释和绘制鱼类分布。已表明礁鱼在潜水员出现时的回避行为会有所不同，且主要受 spear 捕鱼压力驱动。潜水员回避行为或鱼类警觉性可能会在空间上影响鱼类群落的数量及其他描述性指标。由于鱼类群落指标是物种分布模型的响应变量，鱼类警觉性的度量可能作为 spear 捕鱼目标鱼类物种分布模型的预测因子。我们使用潜水员操作的立体视频系统进行鱼类调查，并记录了夏威夷主岛瓦胡岛两个海洋保护区内外目标礁鱼的最小接近距离（MAD）。通过比较不同地点和管理类型之间的最小接近距离，我们检验了这样一个假设，即它可作为与 spear 捕鱼压力相关的鱼类警觉性的替代指标。然后，我们比较了将最小接近距离作为预测因子的物种分布模型与未包含该因子的物种分布模型的准确性。尽管不同管理类型之间最小接近距离的个体度量没有差异，但不同地点之间存在差异。当作为预测因子纳入时，样带水平上最小接近距离的平均值大大提高了目标鱼类生物量物种分布模型的准确性。
