澳大利亚2019冠状病毒病:流行病学报告18(截至2020年6月7日的两周报告期)
COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 18 (Fortnightly reporting period ending 7 June 2020).
出版信息
Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020 Jun 17;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.52.
Notified cases of COVID-19 and associated deaths reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) to 7 June 2020. Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 7 June 2020: notifications = 7,277; deaths = 102. Over the past fortnightly reporting period, the number of new cases in all jurisdictions continues to decline, or remain very low, and testing rates continue to be high across all jurisdictions, with the positivity rate remaining very low at less than 0.1%. The incidence of COVID-19 has markedly reduced since a peak in mid-March. A combination of early case identification, physical distancing, public health measures and a reduction in international travel have been effective in slowing the spread of disease in Australia. Of the 147 cases notified between 25 May and 7 June, 63% acquired their infection overseas. The proportion of cases locally acquired has dropped substantially to 28% of new cases this period compared with 50% and greater observed since 30 March 2020. Of the cases considered to be locally-acquired over this period, most were associated with contacts of confirmed cases or were associated with known outbreaks. A small proportion of overall cases have experienced severe disease, requiring hospitalisation or intensive care with some fatalities. The crude case fatality rate amongst Australian cases is 1.4%. People who are older and have one or more comorbidities are more likely to experience severe disease. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 65-79 years. Three-quarters of all cases in this age group have been associated with overseas travel, including several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in children under 18, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, as of 7 June 2020, the largest numbers of both cases and deaths have been reported in the United States. Of the confirmed cases reported globally, the case fatality rate is approximately 5.8%. Countries in South America are seeing rapid growth in case numbers, while the United States is seeing a steady decline in its daily new case numbers. Case numbers in Europe remain relatively steady, with several countries in Eastern Europe experiencing rapid growth. In the South East Asia region, India and Bangladesh are seeing accelerating epidemics, compounded by the recovery from Cyclone Amphan. Reported cases are increasing in Africa, although the numbers are much smaller. In the Pacific there are few new cases reported daily.
截至2020年6月7日向国家法定传染病监测系统(NNDSS)报告的COVID-19通报病例及相关死亡情况。截至2020年6月7日澳大利亚的确诊病例:通报病例数 = 7277例;死亡数 = 102例。在过去两周的报告期内,所有司法管辖区的新增病例数持续下降或维持在非常低的水平,所有司法管辖区的检测率持续处于高位,阳性率维持在极低水平,低于0.1%。自3月中旬达到峰值以来,COVID-19的发病率已显著降低。早期病例识别、保持社交距离、公共卫生措施以及国际旅行减少等措施相结合,有效地减缓了疾病在澳大利亚的传播。在5月25日至6月7日通报的147例病例中,63%是在海外感染的。本地感染病例的比例已大幅降至本期新增病例的28%,而自2020年3月30日以来观察到的比例为50%及以上。在本期被认为是本地感染的病例中,大多数与确诊病例的接触者有关或与已知的疫情有关。总体病例中有一小部分病情严重,需要住院或重症监护,并有一些死亡病例。澳大利亚病例的粗病死率为1.4%。年龄较大且有一种或多种合并症的人更容易出现重症。COVID-19发病率最高的人群仍然是65至79岁的人。该年龄组四分之三的病例与海外旅行有关,包括几起与游轮相关的疫情。发病率最低的是18岁以下儿童,这一模式在国际报告中也有体现。在国际上,截至2020年6月7日,美国报告的病例数和死亡数均为最多。在全球报告的确诊病例中,病死率约为5.8%。南美洲国家的病例数正在迅速增长,而美国的每日新增病例数正在稳步下降。欧洲的病例数保持相对稳定,东欧的几个国家病例数正在迅速增长。在东南亚地区,印度和孟加拉国的疫情正在加速,气旋“安攀”过后情况更加复杂。非洲报告的病例数正在增加,尽管数量要少得多。在太平洋地区,每日报告的新增病例很少。