Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88034-001, Brazil.
Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina - Joinville, Campus Joinville. Rua Visconde de Taunay 427, Joinville, Santa Catarina, CEP 89203-005, Brazil.
Mycorrhiza. 2020 Sep;30(5):611-621. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-00969-5. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
The use of genetically modified (GM) plants has increased in recent decades, but there are uncertainties about their effects on soil microbial communities. Aiming to quantify root colonization and characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities associated with roots and rhizosphere soil of different maize genotypes, a field trial was carried out in Southern Brazil with three maize genotypes as follows: a GM hybrid (DKB 240 VTPRO), its non-modified isoline (DKB 240), and a landrace (Pixurum). Soil samples were collected to evaluate the occurrence of AMF during the growth of corn genotypes at sowing and V3 (vegetative), R1 (flowering), and R3 (grain formation) stages of the crop. The occurrence of AMF was determined by the morphological identification of spores, and by analyzing AMF community composition in soil and roots of maize, using PCR-DGGE. The GM genotype of maize promoted lower mycorrhizal colonization in the vegetative stage and had lower sporulation at grain development than the conventional hybrid and the landrace maize. Twenty AMF morphotypes were identified and 13 were associated with all maize genotypes. The genera Acaulospora, Glomus, and Dentiscutata had the largest numbers of species. There were no differences in AMF community composition due to maize genotypes or genetic modification, but crop phenological stages affected AMF communities associated with maize roots.
近几十年来，转基因（GM）植物的使用有所增加，但它们对土壤微生物群落的影响仍存在不确定性。本研究旨在量化不同玉米基因型根际和根围土壤中根定殖和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）群落的特征，在巴西南部进行了田间试验，选用了三个玉米基因型，分别为：一个 GM 杂交种（DKB 240 VTPRO）、其非转基因系（DKB 240）和一个地方品种（Pixurum）。在玉米基因型播种和 V3（营养生长）、R1（开花）和 R3（灌浆）阶段，收集土壤样本以评估 AMF 的发生情况。通过对孢子的形态学鉴定以及通过 PCR-DGGE 分析玉米根和根围土壤中 AMF 群落组成，来确定 AMF 的发生情况。GM 玉米基因型在营养生长阶段促进较低的菌根定殖，并且在籽粒发育过程中的孢子形成率低于常规杂交种和地方品种玉米。鉴定出 20 种 AMF 形态型，其中 13 种与所有玉米基因型有关。属 Acaulospora、Glomus 和 Dentiscutata 的物种数量最多。由于玉米基因型或遗传修饰，AMF 群落组成没有差异，但作物物候阶段影响与玉米根系相关的 AMF 群落。
