Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 4, Zona Rural, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil.
Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola (FEAGRI) of UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 Barão Geraldo, 13083-875, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Nov;52(6):2855-2862. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02106-7. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
I was evaluated the effect of seven different combinations of temperature, air velocity, and relative air humidity on the frequency and duration of eating, drinking, resting, cannibalism, dust bathing, scratching, ground pecking, shivering, and stretching behaviors of turkeys at three different ages. The combinations tested of temperature, relative air humidity, and air velocity were, respectively: 1 (22 °C, 50%, 1 m/s); 2 (26.2 °C, 73.2%, 0.45 m/s); 3 (26.6 °C, 71.2%, 1 m/s); 4 (28.9 °C, 72%, 1.4 m/s); 5 (31.1 °C, 85%, 0.45 m/s); 6 (34.1 °C, 82.1%, 1 m/s); and 7 (34.4 °C, 82.1%, 1.4 m/s) for three ages of birds (61, 96, and 131 days of age). Seven birds were housed per pen, at a density of 3 males/m, totaling 147 birds in the entire experiment. Each combination was applied for 5 days. The data were analyzed considering the number of times the bird performed the behavior and the time it performed (in seconds). Each pen was considered a repetition. A comparison of the medians was used to compare the treatments by each age. The results showed that young birds were more likely to suffer from the combination of low temperature and high air velocity, reducing their frequency of normal behaviors. Increased humidity at a low temperature raised the frequency of scratching, shivering, and cannibalism behaviors leading to poorer bird welfare. It is recommended that the temperature, relative air humidity, and air velocity combination of 26.6 °C; 71.2%; and 1 m/s, respectively, for young birds, and 22 °C; 50%; and 1 m/s, respectively, for older birds should be used.
本研究评估了七种不同温度、空气流速和相对空气湿度组合对三个不同日龄火鸡采食、饮水、休息、互啄、沙浴、啄地、梳理、颤抖和伸展行为的频率和持续时间的影响。测试的温度、相对空气湿度和空气流速组合分别为：1（22°C、50%、1m/s）；2（26.2°C、73.2%、0.45m/s）；3（26.6°C、71.2%、1m/s）；4（28.9°C、72%、1.4m/s）；5（31.1°C、85%、0.45m/s）；6（34.1°C、82.1%、1m/s）；和 7（34.4°C、82.1%、1.4m/s），对应三个日龄的鸡（61、96 和 131 日龄）。每间鸡舍饲养 7 只鸡，密度为每平方米 3 只公鸡，整个实验共饲养 147 只鸡。每种组合应用 5 天。数据分析考虑了鸟类进行行为的次数和进行行为的时间（以秒为单位）。每个鸡舍被视为一次重复。通过比较中位数来比较每个年龄的处理方法。结果表明，幼鸡更容易受到低温和高空气流速的组合影响，降低其正常行为的频率。低温高湿度增加了啄地、颤抖和互啄行为的频率，导致鸡的福利状况变差。建议幼鸡使用 26.6°C、71.2%和 1m/s 的温度、相对空气湿度和空气流速组合，而大龄鸡则分别使用 22°C、50%和 1m/s 的组合。
