Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq.
Department of Scholarship and Cultural Relations, Presidency of Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2021 Feb;13(1):125-134. doi: 10.1007/s12602-020-09673-4.
Staphylococcal wound infections range from mild to severe with life-threatening complications. The challenge of controlling such infections is related to bacterial biofilm formation, which is a major factor contributing to antibiotic resistance and infection recurrence. In this study, four clinical isolates of staphylococci species; two isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. The identification of bacterial species based on cell morphology, initial biochemical tests, and the VITEK2 system were used to confirm the clinical microbiological diagnosis. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that the isolated staphylococci were highly resistant to the following antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin G, cefotaxime, and methicillin. Combinations of cefotaxime with the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895, each one separately showed complementary activity against the tested staphylococci. The co-aggregation capability of the tested bacilli as beneficial bacteria against isolated staphylococci was also evaluated. The data showed a strong co-aggregation with scores (+ 3, + 4) which were reported between the bacilli strains and the isolated staphylococci. Furthermore, the CFS of bacilli strains showed an inhibitory effect against biofilm-associated MRSA and MSSA. These findings confirmed the ability of beneficial bacteria to compete with the pathogens at the site of colonization or for the source of nutrients and, eventually, lead to inhibition of the pathogens' capability of causing a wound infection. Such beneficial bacteria could play an important role in future pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
葡萄球菌性伤口感染从轻症到重症不等，可伴有危及生命的并发症。控制此类感染的挑战与细菌生物膜的形成有关，生物膜的形成是导致抗生素耐药性和感染复发的一个主要因素。在这项研究中，我们分离了 4 株临床分离的葡萄球菌，其中包括 2 株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和 2 株甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）。基于细胞形态、初步生化试验和 VITEK2 系统对细菌种类进行鉴定，以确认临床微生物学诊断。抗生素敏感性试验表明，分离的葡萄球菌对以下抗生素高度耐药，包括阿莫西林、青霉素 G、头孢噻肟和甲氧西林。头孢噻肟与枯草芽孢杆菌 KATMIRA1933 和解淀粉芽孢杆菌 B-1895 的无细胞上清液（CFS）组合，每种组合单独使用时对测试的葡萄球菌均显示出互补活性。还评估了测试细菌作为有益细菌对分离的葡萄球菌的共聚集能力。数据显示，测试细菌菌株与分离的葡萄球菌之间具有很强的共聚集能力（评分分别为+3 和+4）。此外，细菌菌株的 CFS 对生物膜相关的 MRSA 和 MSSA 具有抑制作用。这些发现证实了有益细菌能够在定植部位或营养源与病原体竞争，并最终抑制病原体引起伤口感染的能力。这些有益细菌在未来的药物和工业应用中可能发挥重要作用。
