College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Sep;27(27):34398-34411. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09592-5. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
As wastewater treatment systems that strengthen natural processes, constructed wetlands provide both ecosystem services and disservices. Manipulating both the physical and ecological structures of constructed wetlands has been the key to improve ecosystem services while reducing disservices. Herein, an experiment using simulated constructed wetlands was conducted to explore the effect of two different substrate sizes (fine sand or coarse sand), plant richness (1, 3, or 4 species), and plant species identity on ecosystem services. Results indicated that (1) only in microcosms with coarse sand, species richness enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency while reduced nitrous oxide emissions and that (2) the presence of Phalaris arundinacea increased nitrogen removal rate, and the presence of Rumex japonicus or Oenanthe javanica decreased nitrous oxide emissions; (3) however, the net ecosystem services (nitrogen removal, greenhouse gas emissions, biofuel production) of microcosms with fine sand were higher than those of microcosms with coarse sand, and (4) interestingly, there was no difference in net ecosystem services between microcosms with coarse sand (1033 yuan ha day; 1 yuan ≈ 0.14 USD) and those with fine sand (1071 yuan ha day) for the four-species mixtures. Hence, in practice, ensuring plant species richness with appropriate species in microcosms with coarse sand can improve ecosystem services to a level equal to that of microcosms with fine sand and help to prevent constructed wetlands from clogging.
作为强化自然过程的废水处理系统，人工湿地既提供生态系统服务，也产生非服务。操纵人工湿地的物理和生态结构一直是提高生态系统服务而减少非服务的关键。在此，通过模拟人工湿地进行了一项实验，以探索两种不同基质大小（细砂或粗砂）、植物丰富度（1、3 或 4 种）和植物物种身份对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明：（1）仅在粗砂微宇宙中，物种丰富度提高了氮去除效率，同时减少了氧化亚氮排放；（2）菵草的存在增加了氮去除率，而酸模或野艾蒿的存在降低了氧化亚氮排放；（3）然而，细砂微宇宙的净生态系统服务（氮去除、温室气体排放、生物燃料生产）高于粗砂微宇宙；（4）有趣的是，在粗砂（1033 元公顷天；1 元≈0.14 美元）和细砂（1071 元公顷天）的四种混合物微宇宙中，净生态系统服务没有差异。因此，在实践中，在粗砂微宇宙中确保植物物种丰富度并适当选择物种，可以提高生态系统服务水平，达到与细砂微宇宙相当的水平，并有助于防止人工湿地堵塞。
