Kapusta Krzysztof
Główny Instytut Górnictwa (Central Mining Institute), Plac Gwarków 1, Katowice 40-166, Poland.
Waste Manag. 2018 Aug;78:183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.043. Epub 2018 May 29.
Hydrothermal liquefaction experiments with a moist (water content 80.64 wt%) municipal sewage sludge (SS) were conducted at 280, 300, 320, 340 and 360 °C for raw and ultrasound pretreated (energy input 4500 kJ/kg of solid matter) sludge. The main aim of the experiments was to explore the effects of ultrasounds on yields and composition of bio-oil and liquefaction by-products (gas and char). The bio-oils obtained were viscous, dark brown liquids with a specific odor and heating values in the range 31.39-37.35 MJ/kg. A temperature of 320 °C was found to be the optimum for the maximum yields of the SS-derived bio-oil. During the tests a significant effect of ultrasounds on bio-oil yields was proven. A positive effect of ultrasound energy input was observed at each of the liquefaction temperatures and the maximum effect (increase of 19 wt% in bio-oil yield) was achieved at 320 °C. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the bio-oils were complex mixtures of many chemical compounds belonging to different chemical classes: aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, N-aliphatics, phenols, aromatic esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxylic acids. It was found that influence of ultrasounds on the chemical composition of the bio-oils was negligible.
对含水量为80.64 wt%的城市污水污泥（SS）进行了水热液化实验，实验温度为280、300、320、340和360°C，污泥分为原样和经超声预处理（能量输入为4500 kJ/kg固体物质）两种。实验的主要目的是探究超声对生物油产量、组成以及液化副产物（气体和焦炭）的影响。所获得的生物油为粘稠的深棕色液体，具有特殊气味，热值在31.39 - 37.35 MJ/kg范围内。发现320°C是城市污水污泥衍生生物油产量最高的最佳温度。在测试过程中，证实了超声对生物油产量有显著影响。在每个液化温度下都观察到超声能量输入有积极作用，在320°C时达到最大效果（生物油产量增加19 wt%）。气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分析表明，生物油是许多属于不同化学类别的化合物的复杂混合物：脂肪烃、脂肪醇、N - 脂肪族、酚类、芳香酯、醛类、酮类、醇类和羧酸类。发现超声对生物油化学成分的影响可忽略不计。
