Guo Jianlong, Bao Yanping, Wang Min
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
Waste Manag. 2018 Aug;78:318-330. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.045. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Steel slag is the main waste product in the steelmaking process. Because of its chemical composition and technical properties, it can be reused as raw material in steel plants and can serve as a substitute for aggregates in civil engineering. In this paper, we reviewed steel slag treatment, recycling, and management in China. Although China's annual slag production reached more than 100 million tons, its utilization rate is only 29.5%. As of 2016, more than 300 million tons of steel slag have not been used effectively. Large steel slag emissions are causing environmental problems for China. China's steel slag utilization rate is low compared with that of industrial countries: the utilization rate is 98.4% in Japan, 87.0% in Europe, and 84.4% in the United States. Compared with other nations, China also has a gap in its usage of slag in road construction and agriculture. Although the Chinese government has been active in creating a legislative and institutional framework to realize effective steel slag treatment and recycling, these efforts are limited. Outdated treatment approaches is one of the reason for low utilization rate in China, most Chinese steel plants carry out the preliminary treatment (like family workshops) of steel slag, no one system can be used for all ferrous waste recovery, and 47% enterprises' steel slag stability after treatment do not meet requirements of follow-up product. Road construction issues caused by high costs and policy limited, legal restrictions and lack of standard on agricultural applications are other two reasons for low utilization rate of steel slag. New policies are needed to improve utilization rates. We propose the concept of gradual utilization to promote the effective utilization of steel slag.
钢渣是炼钢过程中的主要废弃物。由于其化学成分和技术特性，它可作为钢铁厂的原材料重复利用，也可替代土木工程中的集料。本文回顾了中国钢渣的处理、回收和管理情况。尽管中国每年的钢渣产量超过1亿吨，但其利用率仅为29.5%。截至2016年，超过3亿吨钢渣尚未得到有效利用。大量钢渣排放给中国带来了环境问题。与工业国家相比，中国的钢渣利用率较低：日本的利用率为98.4%，欧洲为87.0%，美国为84.4%。与其他国家相比，中国在道路建设和农业中钢渣的使用方面也存在差距。尽管中国政府一直在积极创建立法和制度框架以实现钢渣的有效处理和回收，但这些努力是有限的。陈旧的处理方法是中国利用率低的原因之一，大多数中国钢铁厂对钢渣进行初步处理（类似家庭作坊），没有一个系统可用于所有黑色金属废弃物回收，且47%企业处理后的钢渣稳定性不符合后续产品要求。高成本导致的道路建设问题以及政策限制、农业应用方面的法律限制和缺乏标准是钢渣利用率低的另外两个原因。需要新政策来提高利用率。我们提出逐步利用的概念以促进钢渣的有效利用。
