Wu Pengfei, Liu Xinyue, Liu Xiaoming, Zhang Zengqi, Wei Chao
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Aug 23;17(17):4183. doi: 10.3390/ma17174183.
Industrial byproduct gypsum (BPG) is a secondary product that is mainly composed of calcium sulfate discharged during industrial production. BPG primarily consists of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, and titanium gypsum, which account for 88% of the total BPG in China. The large-scale utilization of these three types of solid waste is crucial for the safe disposal of BPG. BPG contains various impurities and harmful elements, limiting its applications. The continuous accumulation of BPG poses a serious threat to the safety of the environment. Based on a literature review (2021-2023), it was found that 52% of BPG is used in the preparation of cementitious materials, and the addition of BPG results in an average improvement of 7-30% in the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Moreover, BPG has a positive impact on the immobilization of hazardous elements in raw materials. Therefore, the utilization of BPG in cementitious materials is beneficial for its large-scale disposal. This study primarily reviews the effects and mechanisms of BPG on the mechanical properties of cementitious materials and the solidification of hazardous elements. Most importantly, the review reveals that BPG positively influences the hydration activity of silica-alumina-based solid waste (such as steel slag and blast furnace slag) and alkaline solid waste (such as carbide slag and red mud). This improves the proportion of solid waste in cement and reduces production costs and carbon emissions. Finally, this article summarizes and proposes the application of BPG in cementitious materials. The application of BPG + silica-alumina solid waste + alkaline solid-waste-based cementitious materials is expected to realize a new type of green ecological chain for the joint utilization of multiple industrial solid wastes and to promote the low-carbon sustainable development of industrial clusters.
工业副产石膏（BPG）是一种主要由工业生产过程中排放的硫酸钙组成的副产品。BPG主要包括脱硫石膏、磷石膏和钛石膏，在中国它们占BPG总量的88%。这三种固体废物的大规模利用对于BPG的安全处置至关重要。BPG含有各种杂质和有害元素，限制了其应用。BPG的持续积累对环境安全构成严重威胁。基于文献综述（2021 - 2023年）发现，52%的BPG用于制备胶凝材料，添加BPG可使胶凝材料的力学性能平均提高7 - 30%。此外，BPG对原材料中有害元素的固化有积极影响。因此，BPG在胶凝材料中的利用有利于其大规模处置。本研究主要综述了BPG对胶凝材料力学性能和有害元素固化的影响及作用机制。最重要的是，综述表明BPG对硅铝基固体废物（如钢渣和高炉矿渣）和碱性固体废物（如电石渣和赤泥）的水化活性有积极影响。这提高了固体废物在水泥中的比例，降低了生产成本和碳排放。最后，本文总结并提出了BPG在胶凝材料中的应用。BPG + 硅铝固体废物 + 碱性固体废物基胶凝材料的应用有望实现多种工业固体废物联合利用的新型绿色生态链，促进产业集群的低碳可持续发展。
