Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;177(21):4873-4886. doi: 10.1111/bph.15166. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has overwhelmed healthcare systems requiring the rapid development of treatments, at least, to reduce COVID-19 severity. Drug repurposing offers a fast track. Here, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of statins in COVID-19 patients based on evidence that they may target virus receptors, replication, degradation, and downstream responses in infected cells, addressing both basic research and epidemiological information. Briefly, statins could modulate virus entry, acting on the SARS-CoV-2 receptors, ACE2 and CD147, and/or lipid rafts engagement. Statins, by inducing autophagy activation, could regulate virus replication or degradation, exerting protective effects. The well-known anti-inflammatory properties of statins, by blocking several molecular mechanisms, including NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes, could limit the "cytokine storm" in severe COVID-19 patients which is linked to fatal outcome. Finally, statin moderation of coagulation response activation may also contribute to improving COVID-19 outcomes. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID-19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 COVID-19 大流行使医疗体系不堪重负，需要迅速开发治疗方法，至少可以降低 COVID-19 的严重程度。药物重新定位提供了一个快速通道。在这里，我们根据证据讨论了他汀类药物在 COVID-19 患者中的潜在有益作用，这些证据表明它们可能针对受感染细胞中的病毒受体、复制、降解和下游反应，涉及基础研究和流行病学信息。简而言之，他汀类药物可以调节病毒进入，作用于 SARS-CoV-2 受体 ACE2 和 CD147，和/或脂筏结合。他汀类药物通过诱导自噬激活，可能调节病毒复制或降解，发挥保护作用。他汀类药物的众所周知的抗炎作用通过阻断包括 NF-κB 和 NLRP3 炎性小体在内的几个分子机制，可以限制严重 COVID-19 患者中与致命结局相关的“细胞因子风暴”。最后，他汀类药物对凝血反应激活的调节也可能有助于改善 COVID-19 的结果。相关文章：本文是关于 COVID-19 药理学的专题的一部分。要查看该部分中的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc/。
