Regeneration of the neurogliovascular unit visualized in vivo by transcranial live-cell imaging.

Functional imaging in behaving animals is essential to explore brain functions. Real-time optical imaging of brain functions is limited by light scattering, skull distortion, timing resolution and subcellular precision that altogether, make challenging the rapid acquisition of uncorrupted functional data of cells integrated de novo in the neurogliovascular unit. We report multimodal transcranial in vivo optical imaging for the fast and direct visualization of microcirculation in the perfusion domain where new cells incorporated in the neurogliovascular unit during the progression of a seizure disorder and its treatment. Using this methodology, we explored the performance improvement of cells integrated de novo in the neurogliovascular unit. We report fast transcranial imaging of blood microcirculation at sites of pericyte turnover in the epileptic brain and after treatment with a trophic factor that revealed key features of the regenerating neurogliovascular unit.