Engineering microbial cell morphology and membrane homeostasis toward industrial applications.

Microbial cell factory performance is significantly affected by the cell morphology and membrane homeostasis. It is important to ensure that cell factories are able to regulate cell morphology and maintain membrane homeostasis. Cell morphology can be controlled by regulating the formation of elongasomes and divisomes, which change the shapes of cells from rods to fibers, large spheres, or mini-cells. Membrane homeostasis can also be controlled by regulating the homeostasis of membrane lipids and proteins, thereby improving the robustness of microbes in toxic environments. In the present review, we discuss promising developments in cell morphology and membrane homeostasis engineering that have improved microbial cell factory performance.