Escola Multicampi de Ciências Médicas do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Caicó, RN, Brazil.
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Chronobiol Int. 2020 Jul;37(7):980-992. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1773495. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
The input of environmental time cues and expression of circadian activity rhythms may change with aging. Among nonphotic , social cues from conspecific vocalizations may contribute to the stability and survival of individuals of social species, such as nonhuman primates. We evaluated aging-related changes on social synchronization of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) in a social diurnal primate, the common marmoset. The activity of 18 male marmosets was recorded by actiwatches in two conditions. (1) Experimental - 4 young adult (5 ± 2 yrs of age) and 4 older (10 ± 2 yrs of age) animals maintained under LD 12/12 h and LL in a room with full insulation for light but only partial insulation for sound from vocalizations of conspecifics maintained outdoors in the colony; and (2) Control - 10 young adult animals maintained outdoors in the colony (5 animals as a control per age group). In LL, the CAR of young adults showed more stable synchronization with controls. Among the aged marmosets, two free-ran with τ > 24 h, whereas the other two showed relative coordination during the first 30 days in LL, but free-ran thereafter. These differences were reflected in the "social" phase angles ( and ) between rhythms of experimental and control animal groups. Moreover, the activity patterns of aged animals showed lower social synchrony with controls compared to young adults, with the time lags of the time series between each experimental group and control group being negative in aged and positive in young adult animals (-test, < 0.05). The index of stability of the CAR showed no differences according to age, while the intradaily variability of the CAR was higher in the aged animals during LD-resynchronization, who took additional days to resynchronize. Thus, the social modulation on CAR may vary with age in marmosets. In the aged group, there was a lower effect of social synchronization, which may be associated with aging-related changes in the synchronization and generation of the CAR as well as in system outputs.
环境时间线索的输入和昼夜活动节律的表达可能会随着年龄的增长而发生变化。在非光的情况下，同种动物的发声等社会线索可能有助于社会物种（如非人类灵长类动物）个体的稳定和生存。我们评估了社会昼行灵长类动物普通狨昼夜活动节律（CAR）的社会同步性随年龄的变化。18 只雄性狨猴的活动通过活动手表在两种条件下进行记录。（1）实验 - 4 只年轻成年（5 ± 2 岁）和 4 只年长（10 ± 2 岁）动物在一个房间里，房间对光有完全隔热，但对来自室外殖民地同种动物发声的声音只有部分隔热，维持在 LD 12/12 h 和 LL 下；（2）对照 - 10 只年轻成年动物在殖民地室外维持（每组年龄有 5 只动物作为对照）。在 LL 中，年轻成年动物的 CAR 显示出与对照组更稳定的同步性。在年长的狨猴中，有 2 只自由运行的 τ > 24 h，而另外 2 只在 LL 的前 30 天表现出相对协调，但此后自由运行。这些差异反映在实验组和对照组之间的“社会”相位角（和 ）中。此外，与年轻成年动物相比，年长动物的活动模式与对照组的社会同步性较低，每组实验组与对照组之间的时间序列的时间滞后在年长动物中为负，在年轻成年动物中为正（-检验，<0.05）。CAR 的稳定性指数与年龄无关，而在 LD 重同步期间，年长动物的 CAR 日内变异性更高，他们需要额外的天数来重同步。因此，CAR 的社会调节可能会随着狨猴年龄的变化而变化。在年长组中，社会同步的效果较低，这可能与 CAR 的同步和产生以及系统输出的与年龄相关的变化有关。
