Knapik Joseph J, Hoedebecke Blake L, Mitchener Timothy A
J Spec Oper Med. 2020 Summer;20(2):139-143. doi: 10.55460/Y472-M9XP.
This is the first of a two-part series on the history and effectiveness of mouthguards (MGs) for orofacial injury protection. Military studies have shown that approximately 60% of orofacial injuries are associated with military training activities and 20% to 30% with sports. MGs are hypothesized to reduce orofacial injuries by separating the upper and lower dentation, preventing tooth fractures, redistributing and absorbing the force of direct blows to the mouth, and separating teeth from soft tissue, preventing lacerations and bruises. In 1975, CPT Leonard Barber was the first to advocate MGs for military sports activities. In 1998, Army health promotion campaigns promoted MG education and fabrication. A US Army basic training study in 2000-2003 showed that more MG use could reduce orofacial injuries and the Army Training and Doctrine Command subsequently required that basic trainees be issued and use MGs. Army Regulation 600-63 currently directs commanders to enforce MG use during training and sports activities that could involve orofacial injuries. In the civilian sector, MGs were first used by boxers and then were required for football. MGs are currently required nationally for high school and college football, field hockey, ice hockey, and lacrosse, and are recommended for 29 sport and exercise activities.
这是关于口腔防护器（MGs）预防口面部损伤的历史与效果的系列文章的上篇。军事研究表明，约60%的口面部损伤与军事训练活动有关，20%至30%与体育运动有关。据推测，口腔防护器可通过分隔上下牙列、防止牙齿骨折、重新分配和吸收直接撞击口腔的力量，以及使牙齿与软组织分离、防止撕裂伤和瘀伤来减少口面部损伤。1975年，伦纳德·巴伯上尉首次倡导在军事体育活动中使用口腔防护器。1998年，陆军健康促进活动推广了口腔防护器的教育和制作。2000年至2003年的一项美国陆军基础训练研究表明，更多地使用口腔防护器可减少口面部损伤，随后陆军训练与条令司令部要求向基础训练学员发放并使用口腔防护器。陆军条例600 - 63目前指示指挥官在可能涉及口面部损伤的训练和体育活动中强制使用口腔防护器。在民用领域，口腔防护器最早由拳击手使用，后来足球运动也开始要求使用。目前，全美高中和大学的橄榄球、曲棍球、冰球和长曲棍球运动都要求使用口腔防护器，并且推荐在29项运动和锻炼活动中使用。
