Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jan;28(4):3828-3836. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
Among drugs and personal care products, antibiotics arouse interest since they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and can lead to the development of bacterial resistance. Usually, sewage treatment does not remove most of these compounds. So, these drugs can reach water treatment plants (WTP), where disinfection with chlorine compounds is common. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and preliminary toxicity of the mix of by-products forming due to the chlorination of norfloxacin. This is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of urinary infection and gonorrhea, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The drug was subjected to chlorination tests, on a bench scale, with several reaction times (from 5 min to 24 h). Analyses of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were performed for the characterization of the by-products. The MS results showed five peaks attributed to the by-products' formation, of which four were identified. The antibiogram results indicated that the solution that contained the mixture of the by-products lost antibacterial activity against the E. coli strain studied. The acute toxicity tests for the Artemia salina microcrustacean showed that the blend of the by-products exhibited higher toxicity than pure norfloxacin.
在药物和个人护理产品中，抗生素引起了人们的兴趣，因为它们被广泛应用于人类和兽医医学，并可能导致细菌耐药性的产生。通常，污水处理并不能去除这些化合物中的大部分。因此，这些药物可能会进入水处理厂（WTP），而氯化合物的消毒是很常见的。本工作旨在评估由于诺氟沙星氯化而形成的混合物的抗菌活性和初步毒性。这是一种氟喹诺酮类抗生素，用于治疗尿路感染和淋病，与次氯酸钠（NaClO）一起使用。该药物在实验台上进行了氯化试验，反应时间从 5 分钟到 24 小时不等。采用高分辨率质谱（MS）分析对副产物进行了表征。MS 结果表明，形成了五个与副产物形成有关的峰，其中四个得到了鉴定。药敏试验结果表明，含有副产物混合物的溶液对所研究的大肠杆菌菌株失去了抗菌活性。卤虫微甲壳类动物的急性毒性试验表明，副产物混合物的毒性比纯诺氟沙星更高。
