Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Sep;104:431-438. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.039. Epub 2020 Jun 21.
The giant freshwater prawn/giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the high market value crustaceans cultured worldwide. The intensified aquaculture of the species has led to the outbreak of infectious diseases, prominently, the white tail disease (WTD). It is caused by the infection of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV), which was classified in the family of Nodaviridae. To-date, there are no effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents available against MrNV infection. Vaccination is known to be the most effective prophylactic agent in disease prevention. However, vaccine development against virus infection in crustaceans is equivocal. The feasibility of vaccination in conferring immune protection in crustaceans against infectious diseases is disputable. The argument lies in the fact that crustaceans do not possess adaptive immunity, which is the main immune component that functions to establish immunological memory upon vaccination. Nevertheless, an increasing number of literatures has been documented, which concerns the development of vaccines against infectious diseases in crustaceans. The current review deliberates different approaches in vaccine development against MrNV, which were documented in the past years. It is noteworthy that the live-attenuated MrNV vaccine has not been experimented by far. Thus, the potential of live-attenuated MrNV vaccine in conferring long-term immune protection through the establishment of innate immune memory is currently being discussed.
巨型淡水虾/罗氏沼虾是世界范围内高市场价值的甲壳类动物之一。该物种的集约化养殖导致了传染病的爆发，其中突出的是白尾病（WTD）。它是由罗氏沼虾诺达病毒（MrNV）感染引起的，该病毒被归类于正粘病毒科。迄今为止，尚无针对 MrNV 感染的有效预防和治疗药物。疫苗接种被认为是预防疾病最有效的预防剂。然而，甲壳类动物的病毒感染疫苗的开发仍存在争议。接种疫苗在赋予甲壳类动物对传染病的免疫保护方面的可行性存在争议。这是因为甲壳类动物没有适应性免疫，而适应性免疫是接种疫苗时建立免疫记忆的主要免疫成分。然而，越来越多的文献已经证明了针对甲壳类动物传染病的疫苗的发展。本综述讨论了过去几年中针对 MrNV 的不同疫苗开发方法。值得注意的是，目前还没有实验过减毒 MrNV 疫苗。因此，目前正在讨论通过建立先天免疫记忆来赋予减毒 MrNV 疫苗长期免疫保护的潜力。
