Hoffman Martin D
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Jun 23;15(7):1052-1056. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0151. Print 2020 Aug 1.
To systematically examine scientific publishing related to ultramarathon running.
PubMed-indexed publications through 2019 were identified in which the work involved data collection at or in association with an ultramarathon running event, included experimental running trials of ultramarathon duration using human subjects, focused on human ultramarathon runners as the study participants, or were directed at discussing some aspect of ultramarathon running or ultramarathon runners. The characteristics of each publication were tabulated.
A total of 616 indexed publications were identified, with the first being in 1970. A rapid increase in publications was seen by 2010 in association with increased participation in ultramarathon running, followed by a plateauing at around 49 annual publications from 2014 to 2018. Most (83.3%) publications were observational, and the mean annual number of 1.6 experimental studies did not change (P = .20) from 1999 to 2019. Most of the publications were related to physiological issues, and race performance was the largest topic area (21.8%). The largest percentage of publications came from authors from the United States, followed by authors from Switzerland.
Research related to ultramarathon running has had a small presence in sport science and offers potential for further development. At present, publishing appears to be stable and without recent increased emphasis on experimental studies. Worthwhile research opportunities remain, particularly those where ultramarathons serve as a model for stress and could offer relevance to a wider population than ultramarathon runners, but such research appears challenged by relatively small participation in the activity and limited funding opportunities.
系统审查与超级马拉松跑步相关的科学出版物。
确定截至2019年被PubMed收录的出版物，其中的研究涉及在超级马拉松跑步赛事中或与之相关的数据收集，包括使用人类受试者进行的超级马拉松时长的实验性跑步试验，以人类超级马拉松跑步者为研究参与者，或旨在讨论超级马拉松跑步或超级马拉松跑步者的某些方面。将每篇出版物的特征制成表格。
共识别出616篇被收录的出版物，第一篇发表于1970年。到2010年，随着超级马拉松跑步参与人数的增加，出版物数量迅速增长，随后在2014年至2018年期间稳定在每年约49篇。大多数（83.3%）出版物为观察性研究，1999年至2019年实验性研究的年均数量为1.6项，没有变化（P = 0.20）。大多数出版物与生理问题相关，比赛成绩是最大的主题领域（21.8%）。出版物作者中美国作者占比最大，其次是瑞士作者。
与超级马拉松跑步相关的研究在体育科学领域的影响力较小，但具有进一步发展的潜力。目前，出版情况似乎较为稳定，近期没有对实验性研究给予更多重视。仍存在有价值的研究机会，特别是那些将超级马拉松作为压力模型的研究，可能对比超级马拉松跑步者更广泛的人群具有相关性，但此类研究似乎受到该活动参与人数相对较少和资金机会有限的挑战。
