Eilsberger F, Luster M, Feldkamp J
Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland.
Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Infektiologie, Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2021 May;116(4):307-311. doi: 10.1007/s00063-020-00699-8. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunctions are, despite their rare occurrence, important clinical syndromes. Their immediate recognition can avoid serious consequences. Important triggers can be iodine-containing contrast agents, amiodarone or iodine-containing disinfectants. Iodine-induced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism need to be distinguished, whereby the former is usually self-limiting.
The aim of this article is to present current knowledge on the pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction.
We performed a literature search of current publications and linked them to daily clinical experience.
In iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs and perchlorate are primarily used to decrease thyroid hormone synthesis and further iodine uptake into the thyroid. For the prophylaxis of x‑ray contrast agent-induced hyperthyroidism, perchlorate can be administered in high-risk settings in combination with antithyroid drugs, if possible starting one day before the iodine exposure.
