Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior.
School of Dentistry.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2020;90(5):614-622. doi: 10.1037/ort0000481. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
That racial/ethnic discrimination has adverse physical and psychological consequences, including stress, anxiety, depression, and their attendant health effects, is well documented. However, the particular dimensions within the broad construct of discrimination and their role in mental health are less well understood. This study investigates the dimensions of discrimination and explores their relation to depression and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Using the Brief Perceived Ethnic/Racial Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version, discrimination experiences were assessed among a community sample of African American and Latinx participants ( = 500). Factor analyses revealed 4 dimensions: Social Rejection, Stereotyping, Direct Threats/Attacks, and Police Mistreatment. In multivariate analyses, full regression models were significantly related to PTS and depression symptoms. Among the individual predictors, Social Rejection and ethnicity (Latinx) uniquely contributed to PTS symptoms in men, whereas Stereotyping and Direct Threat/Attack were associated with PTS symptoms for women. In regards to depressive symptoms, income, ethnicity (Latinx), and Social Rejection were significant predictors for men, while Social Rejection had an independent contribution for women. Thus, social rejection emerged as a significant unique predictor in 3 of the four models, suggesting that social ostracism may be a particularly harmful aspect of discrimination. Implications of these findings include the use of proactive and intervention strategies that emphasize a sense of belonging and mitigate the effects of exclusion and rejection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
种族/民族歧视会带来不良的生理和心理后果，包括压力、焦虑、抑郁以及随之而来的健康问题，这一点已有充分的文献记载。然而，在歧视这一广泛概念内的具体维度及其在心理健康中的作用还不太为人理解。本研究调查了歧视的维度，并探讨了它们与抑郁和创伤后应激（PTS）症状的关系。研究使用《简短感知种族/民族歧视问卷-社区版》（Brief Perceived Ethnic/Racial Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version），评估了非裔美国人和拉丁裔参与者（n=500）的社区样本中的歧视经历。因素分析显示出 4 个维度：社会排斥、刻板印象、直接威胁/攻击和警察虐待。在多元分析中，完整的回归模型与 PTS 和抑郁症状显著相关。在个体预测因素中，社会排斥和族裔（拉丁裔）对男性的 PTS 症状有独特的贡献，而刻板印象和直接威胁/攻击与女性的 PTS 症状有关。关于抑郁症状，收入、族裔（拉丁裔）和社会排斥是男性的显著预测因素，而社会排斥对女性有独立的贡献。因此，社会排斥在四个模型中的三个模型中成为一个显著的独特预测因素，这表明社会排斥可能是歧视的一个特别有害的方面。这些发现的意义包括使用积极主动和干预策略，强调归属感，并减轻排斥和拒绝的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
