Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2020 Nov;129(8):824-830. doi: 10.1037/abn0000587. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Research supports increasing cultural pressures for leanness among young men; however, few studies have examined whether weight dissatisfaction or efforts to alter weight have become more prevalent for men over time. The present study evaluated secular trends in weight dissatisfaction and related behaviors among college-age men across 4 decades; 1,097 men completed surveys while they were in college in 1982 ( = 276), 1992, ( = 233), 2002 ( = 241), and 2012 ( = 347). In 1982, men with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 were more likely to describe themselves as being overweight compared with men in all other cohorts, whereas in 1992, 2002, and 2012, men with a BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 were more likely to describe themselves as underweight compared with men in all other cohorts. Overall, 57-62% of men reported weight dissatisfaction, although there were no significant differences in the proportion of men wanting to lose, maintain, or gain weight across cohorts. There was no significant difference in the amount of weight gain desired across cohorts despite increasing BMI from 1982 to subsequent cohorts; however, desired BMI and endorsement of fad diets differed across cohorts, with higher desired BMI in 1992 and 2002 and high-protein diets being the most common in 2012. These results suggest that weight dissatisfaction has remained substantial and relatively stable among young men over time. Trends relating to weight perception, dieting, and exercise are consistent with an increasing focus on leanness and muscularity for men in recent years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
研究支持年轻人的瘦身文化压力不断增加；然而，很少有研究调查体重不满或改变体重的努力是否随着时间的推移变得更加普遍。本研究评估了 40 年来大学生男性的体重不满和相关行为的变化趋势；1097 名男性在 1982 年（n = 276）、1992 年（n = 233）、2002 年（n = 241）和 2012 年（n = 347）上大学时完成了调查。1982 年，18.5 至 25kg/m2 之间的男性比所有其他队列中的男性更有可能将自己描述为超重，而在 1992 年、2002 年和 2012 年，18.5 至 25kg/m2 之间的男性比所有其他队列中的男性更有可能将自己描述为体重不足。总体而言，57-62%的男性报告体重不满，尽管不同队列的男性想要减肥、保持或增重的比例没有显著差异。尽管 BMI 从 1982 年到后续队列有所增加，但不同队列的期望体重增加量没有显著差异；然而，不同队列的期望 BMI 和时尚饮食的认可度存在差异，1992 年和 2002 年期望 BMI 较高，2012 年高蛋白饮食最常见。这些结果表明，体重不满在年轻人中一直保持相当大的相对稳定。与体重感知、节食和运动有关的趋势与近年来男性对瘦身和肌肉发达的关注不断增加是一致的。
