DISTAV, Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy.
DISTAV, Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;237:108833. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108833. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
The microbiota, the host-associated community of microbes, play important roles in health status and whole body homeostasis of all organisms, including marine species. In bivalves, the microbiota composition has been mainly investigated in adults, whereas little information is available during development. In this work, the microbiota composition of the first larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene-based profiling, at 24 and 48 hours post fertilization in comparison with those of eggs and sperm. The main genera detected in both larvae (Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobium, Colwellia) derived from eggs. However, a clear shift in microbiota was observed in developing larvae compared to eggs, both in terms of core microbiome and relative abundance of different genera. The results provide a first insight into the composition of the microbial communities associated with gametes and early larvae of mussels. Moreover, the impact on larval microbiome of estrogenic chemicals that potentially affect Mytilus early development, 17βestradiol-E, Bisphenol A-BPA and Bisphenol F-BPF (10 μg/L), was investigated. Exposure to estrogenic chemicals leads to changes in abundance of different genera, with distinct and common effects depending on the compound and larval stage. Both potential pathogens (Vibrio, Arcobacter, Tenacibaculum) and genera involved in xenobiotic biotransformation (Oleispira, Shewanella) were affected. The effects of estrogenic compounds on larval microbiome were not related to their developmental effects: however, the results address the importance of evaluating the impact of emerging contaminants on the microbiota of marine invertebrates, including larval stages, that are most sensitive to environmental perturbations.
微生物群，即与宿主相关的微生物群落，在包括海洋物种在内的所有生物体的健康状况和整体内稳态中发挥着重要作用。在双壳类动物中，微生物群落的组成主要在成体中进行了研究，而在发育过程中则很少有信息。在这项工作中，通过 16S rRNA 基因谱分析评估了贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 幼虫第一阶段的微生物群落组成，在受精后 24 小时和 48 小时与卵和精子进行了比较。在幼虫中检测到的主要属（弧菌、假交替单胞菌、Psychrobium、Colwellia）均来自卵。然而，与卵相比，在发育中的幼虫中观察到微生物群有明显的变化，无论是核心微生物群还是不同属的相对丰度都发生了变化。研究结果首次揭示了与贻贝配子和早期幼虫相关的微生物群落的组成。此外，还研究了可能影响贻贝早期发育的雌激素类化学物质 17β-雌二醇-E、双酚 A-BPA 和双酚 F-BPF（10μg/L）对幼虫微生物组的影响。暴露于雌激素类化学物质会导致不同属的丰度发生变化，具体取决于化合物和幼虫阶段，具有不同和共同的影响。潜在的病原体（弧菌、弯曲杆菌、坚韧杆菌）和参与外源性生物转化的属（Oleispira、Shewanella）都受到了影响。雌激素化合物对幼虫微生物组的影响与它们的发育作用无关：然而，这些结果强调了评估新兴污染物对海洋无脊椎动物（包括对环境干扰最敏感的幼虫阶段）微生物组的影响的重要性。
