Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Molecules. 2020 Jun 23;25(12):2892. doi: 10.3390/molecules25122892.
This study examined the percentage and stable isotope ratios of fatty acids in milk to study seasonal, year, and regional variability. A total of 231 raw cow milk samples were analyzed. Samples were taken twice per year in 2012, 2013, and 2014, in winter and summer, covering four distinct geographical regions in Slovenia: Mediterranean, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian. A discriminant analysis model based on fatty acid composition was effective in discriminating milk according to the year/season of production (86.9%), while geographical origin discrimination was less successful (64.1%). The stable isotope composition of fatty acids also proved to be a better biomarker of metabolic transformation processes in ruminants than discriminating against the origin of milk. Further, it was observed that milk from Alpine and Mediterranean regions was healthier due to its higher percentage of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid.
本研究通过分析牛奶中脂肪酸的百分比和稳定同位素比值，研究了其季节性、年度和地区变化。共分析了 231 份生牛乳样本。这些样本于 2012 年、2013 年和 2014 年的冬、夏季各采集两次，涵盖了斯洛文尼亚的四个不同地理区域：地中海、阿尔卑斯山、迪纳里克和潘诺尼亚。基于脂肪酸组成的判别分析模型可以有效地根据生产年份/季节对牛奶进行分类（86.9%），而对地理来源的判别效果则较差（64.1%）。脂肪酸的稳定同位素组成也被证明是一种更好的反刍动物代谢转化过程的生物标志物，而不是对牛奶来源的歧视。此外，还观察到来自阿尔卑斯山和地中海地区的牛奶由于其更高的 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸的比例，更为健康。
