Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan.
Department of Pathology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 25;10(1):10391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67500-w.
MYC-associated factor X (MAX) is a protein in the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, which is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in various normal tissues and tumors. MAX protein mediates various cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through the MYC-MAX protein complex. Recently, it has been reported that MYC regulates the proliferation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. However, the expression and function of MAX in anaplastic large cell lymphoma remain to be elucidated. We herein investigated MAX expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and found 11 of 37 patients (30%) with ALCL lacked MAX expression, whereas 15 of 15 patients (100%) with PTCL-NOS expressed MAX protein. ALCL patients lacking MAX expression had a significantly inferior prognosis compared with patients having MAX expression. Moreover, patients without MAX expression significantly had histological non-common variants, which were mainly detected in aggressive ALCL cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MAX expression was related to the expression of MYC and cytotoxic molecules. These findings demonstrate that lack of MAX expression is a potential poor prognostic biomarker in ALCL and a candidate marker for differential diagnosis of ALCL and PTCL-NOS.
MYC 相关因子 X（MAX）是碱性螺旋-环-螺旋亮氨酸拉链家族中的一种蛋白质，在各种正常组织和肿瘤中广泛且持续表达。MAX 蛋白通过 MYC-MAX 蛋白复合物介导多种细胞功能，如增殖、分化和凋亡。最近有报道称，MYC 调节间变大细胞淋巴瘤的增殖。然而，MAX 在间变大细胞淋巴瘤中的表达和功能仍有待阐明。我们在此研究了 MAX 在间变大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）和外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤、非特指型（PTCL-NOS）中的表达，发现 37 例 ALCL 患者中有 11 例（30%）缺乏 MAX 表达，而 15 例 PTCL-NOS 患者（100%）表达 MAX 蛋白。缺乏 MAX 表达的 ALCL 患者的预后明显比有 MAX 表达的患者差。此外，缺乏 MAX 表达的患者显著具有组织学上的非常见变体，主要在侵袭性 ALCL 病例中检测到。免疫组织化学分析表明，MAX 表达与 MYC 和细胞毒性分子的表达有关。这些发现表明，缺乏 MAX 表达是 ALCL 的一个潜在不良预后生物标志物，也是 ALCL 和 PTCL-NOS 鉴别诊断的候选标志物。
