Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Antivir Ther. 2020;25(4):181-191. doi: 10.3851/IMP3364.
HBV is a non-cytopathic virus and the progression of liver fibrosis is attributed to the host immune response. Complete suppression of viral replication using nucleotide or nucleoside analogues (NUCs) can prevent most complications related to chronic HBV infection. Unfortunately, antiviral treatment has to be administered lifelong to the majority of patients as HBV persists in the hepatocytes. However, although NUCs are very frequently administered in clinical practice, their effects on vital parts of the host immune response to HBV are not well established. In this review we summarize the currently available data gathered from longitudinal studies that investigated treatment-associated alterations of HBV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cells, regulatory T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. These observations are important, as they can guide the design of studies that investigate the efficacy of new immune therapeutic agents. Novel experimental compounds will likely be added to ongoing NUC treatment, which leads to a functional cure in only a small minority of patients.
HBV 是一种非细胞病变病毒，肝纤维化的进展归因于宿主的免疫反应。使用核苷酸或核苷类似物（NUCs）完全抑制病毒复制可以预防大多数与慢性 HBV 感染相关的并发症。不幸的是，由于 HBV 持续存在于肝细胞中，大多数患者必须终生接受抗病毒治疗。然而，尽管 NUCs 在临床实践中经常被使用，但它们对宿主对 HBV 免疫反应的重要部分的影响尚未得到很好的确定。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前从纵向研究中收集的数据，这些研究调查了治疗相关的 HBV 特异性 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞、调节性 T 细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的变化。这些观察结果很重要，因为它们可以指导研究新的免疫治疗药物疗效的研究设计。新型实验化合物可能会添加到正在进行的 NUC 治疗中，这只会使少数患者实现功能性治愈。
