专业照护人员离职意愿及与工作相关的伤害和事故的相关因素：一项横断面问卷调查研究。
Factors related to turnover intentions and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.
机构信息
Faculty of Nursing, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
出版信息
Environ Health Prev Med. 2020 Jun 26;25(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00863-8.
BACKGROUND
The Japanese health and welfare industry has a shortage of professional caregivers, and work-related accidents and injuries among this group are therefore especially critical issues. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with turnover intentions and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers in Japan.
METHODS
Self-report questionnaires were distributed to care workers (N = 1396) at 26 geriatric-care facilities. The questionnaire addressed basic attributes, work and organizational characteristics, wage adequacy, and intrinsic motivations for work (e.g., "being suited to caring work"). Social-relational aspects of the work environment were assessed via three subscales of the Social Capital and Ethical Climate in the Workplace instrument (i.e., "Social Capital in the Workplace," "Exclusive Workplace Climate," and "Ethical Leadership"). Dependent variables were the experience of work-related accidents or injuries in the prior year and organizational and occupational turnover intentions. We used datasets of professional caregivers for analyses.
RESULTS
The response rate was 68% (N = 949). Among the 667 professional caregivers, 63% were female. On multivariable logistic regression analysis for work-related accidents and injuries for each sex, those with higher scores for "being suited to caring work" were found to experience significantly fewer work-related accidents and injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, p < 0.01) among female caregivers. Male caregivers who perceived an exclusive workplace climate experienced more work-related accidents and injuries (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). However, experience of work-related accidents and injuries did not show significant relationships with organizational and occupational turnover intentions. Additionally, "being suited to caring work" (OR = 0.73, p < 0.01) and ethical leadership (OR = 0.76, p < 0.05) were found to be negatively associated with organizational turnover intentions. "Being suited to caring work" (OR = 0.61, p < 0.01), inadequacy of wage (OR = 2.22, p < 0.05), and marital status (OR = 2.69, p < 0.01) were also associated with occupational turnover intentions of professional caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the need to foster intrinsic motivations for work as well as providing a supportive and ethical work environment to reduce high turnover rates and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers.
背景
日本的健康福利行业专业护理人员短缺，因此该群体的工作相关事故和伤害尤其成为关键问题。本研究旨在探讨与日本专业护理人员离职意愿和工作相关伤害和事故相关的因素。
方法
向 26 家老年护理机构的护理人员（N=1396）分发了自我报告问卷。问卷涵盖了基本属性、工作和组织特征、工资充足性以及工作的内在动机（例如“适合护理工作”）。通过工作场所社会资本和伦理气候工具的三个子量表评估工作环境的社会关系方面（即“工作场所社会资本”、“排他性工作场所氛围”和“伦理领导力”）。因变量为前一年的工作相关事故或伤害经历以及组织和职业离职意愿。我们使用专业护理人员数据集进行分析。
结果
应答率为 68%（N=949）。在 667 名专业护理人员中，63%为女性。对每一种性别的工作相关事故和伤害进行多变量逻辑回归分析，发现“适合护理工作”得分较高的女性护理人员经历的工作相关事故和伤害明显较少（比值比[OR] = 0.78，p<0.01）。认为工作场所氛围排外的男性护理人员经历的工作相关事故和伤害更多（OR = 1.61，p<0.01）。然而，工作相关事故和伤害的经历与组织和职业离职意愿没有显著关系。此外，“适合护理工作”（OR = 0.73，p<0.01）和伦理领导力（OR = 0.76，p<0.05）与组织离职意愿呈负相关。“适合护理工作”（OR = 0.61，p<0.01）、工资不足（OR = 2.22，p<0.05）和婚姻状况（OR = 2.69，p<0.01）也与专业护理人员的职业离职意愿相关。
结论
这些发现强调了需要培养工作的内在动机，并提供支持性和合乎伦理的工作环境，以降低专业护理人员的离职率和工作相关伤害和事故。
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