Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;80:103448. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103448. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
While many studies have been conducted on drug-inducing alterations in the aquatic environment, little is known about their interaction with climate change, such as rising temperatures. To increase knowledge on this topic, Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels were exposed to two different temperatures 17 ± 1 °C (control) and 21 ± 1 °C in the absence and presence of salicylic acid (SA) (4 mg/L) for 28 days. Salicylic acid in the water and tissues was measured and its impact reported through biomarker responses including: energy metabolism (electron transport system (ETS) activity, glycogen (GLY), protein (PROT) and lipids (LIP) contents), oxidative stress markers (activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), glutathione balance between the reduced and the oxidized forms (GSH/GSSG), and damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation - LPO). The mussels responded differently if the stresses imposed were single or combined, with greater impacts when both stressors were acting together. Contaminated mussels exposed to high temperatures were unable to increase their metabolic capacity to restore their defence mechanisms, reducing the expenditure of LIP. In the presence of SA and increased temperature antioxidant defences respond differently, with higher SOD levels and inhibition of CAT. The present study highlights not only the negative impact of warming and SA, but especially how temperature increase will promote the impact of SA in M. galloprovincialis, which under predicted climate change scenarios may greatly impair population maintenance and ecosystem biodiversity.
虽然已经有许多研究针对药物对水生环境的诱导改变进行了研究，但对于它们与气候变化（如温度升高）的相互作用却知之甚少。为了增加对这一主题的了解，研究人员将贻贝暴露于两种不同的温度（17 ± 1°C（对照）和 21 ± 1°C）下，同时在存在和不存在水杨酸（SA）（4mg/L）的情况下暴露于两种不同的温度下 28 天。测量了水中和组织中的水杨酸，并通过生物标志物反应报告其影响，包括：能量代谢（电子传递系统（ETS）活性、糖原（GLY）、蛋白质（PROT）和脂质（LIP）含量）、氧化应激标志物（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的活性）、还原型和氧化型谷胱甘肽之间的谷胱甘肽平衡（GSH/GSSG）以及膜脂质的损伤（脂质过氧化 - LPO）。如果施加的应激是单一的还是组合的，贻贝的反应会有所不同，如果两种胁迫因素同时作用，影响会更大。暴露于高温和污染的贻贝无法提高其代谢能力以恢复防御机制，从而减少 LIP 的支出。在 SA 和高温存在的情况下，抗氧化防御反应不同，SOD 水平升高，CAT 受到抑制。本研究不仅强调了升温和 SA 的负面影响，特别是温度升高如何促进 SA 对贻贝的影响，根据预测的气候变化情景，这可能会极大地损害贻贝种群的维持和生态系统的生物多样性。
