Brouillard Adam M, Deych Elena, Canter Charles, Rich Michael W
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
J Pediatr. 2020 Oct;225:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.048. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
To examine trends in sodium intake and the impact of nutritional guidelines in the US pediatric population.
Sodium intake data collected between 2003 and 2016 in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were analyzed. Trends in intake for individuals aged 4-17 years and subgroups based on age, sex, and race and ethnicity were examined. Adherence to US Department of Agriculture guidelines was assessed.
A total of 16 013 individuals (50.6% male) were included in the analysis. The median sodium intake was 2840 mg/day (95% CI, 2805-2875 mg/day), decreasing from 2912 mg/day (95% CI 2848-2961 mg/day) in 2003-2004 to 2787 mg/day (95% CI, 2677-2867 mg/day) in 2015-2016 (P = .005). Intake increased with age (2507 mg/day for individuals aged 4-8, 2934 mg/day for those aged 9-13 years, and 3124 mg/day for those aged 14-17 years; P < .001) and was greater in males than in females (3053 mg/day vs 2624 mg/day; P < .001). Caucasians, Hispanics, and African Americans consumed 2860, 2733, and 2880 mg/day, respectively (P < .001). Population adherence to US Department of Agriculture recommendations was 25.0% in 2003-2010 and 25.5% in 2011-2016 (P = .677). No age, sex, or racial/ethnicity subgroup had an adherence rate >30% after implementation of pediatric guidelines in 2010.
Sodium intake remains elevated in all pediatric population segments, and guideline adherence is poor. A greater effort to reduce sodium consumption is needed to mitigate future cardiovascular disease risk.
研究美国儿科人群钠摄入量的趋势以及营养指南的影响。
分析了2003年至2016年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）收集的钠摄入量数据。研究了4至17岁个体以及按年龄、性别、种族和族裔划分的亚组的摄入量趋势。评估了对美国农业部指南的遵守情况。
共有16013人（50.6%为男性）纳入分析。钠摄入量中位数为2840毫克/天（95%置信区间，2805 - 2875毫克/天），从2003 - 2004年的2912毫克/天（95%置信区间2848 - 2961毫克/天）降至2015 - 2016年的2787毫克/天（95%置信区间，2677 - 2867毫克/天）（P = 0.005）。摄入量随年龄增加（4至8岁个体为2507毫克/天，9至13岁个体为2934毫克/天，14至17岁个体为3124毫克/天；P < 0.001），男性高于女性（3053毫克/天对2624毫克/天；P < 0.001）。白种人、西班牙裔和非裔美国人的摄入量分别为2860、2733和2880毫克/天（P < 0.001）。2003 - 2010年人群对美国农业部建议的遵守率为25.0%，2011 - 2016年为25.5%（P = 0.677）。2010年实施儿科指南后，没有年龄、性别或种族/族裔亚组的遵守率超过30%。
所有儿科人群的钠摄入量仍然很高，对指南的遵守情况不佳。需要做出更大努力来减少钠的消费，以降低未来心血管疾病风险。
