Exchange magnetostriction in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.

Magnetostriction, coupling between the mechanical and magnetic degrees of freedom, finds a variety of applications in magnetic actuation, transduction and sensing. The discovery of two-dimensional layered magnetic materials presents a new platform to explore the magnetostriction effects in ultrathin solids. Here we demonstrate an exchange-driven magnetostriction effect in mechanical resonators made of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic CrI. The mechanical resonance frequency is found to depend on the magnetic state of the material. We quantify the relative importance of the exchange and anisotropy magnetostriction by measuring the resonance frequency under a magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the easy axis, respectively. Furthermore, we show efficient strain-tuning of the internal magnetic interactions in two-dimensional CrI as a result of inverse magnetostriction. Our results establish the basis for mechanical detection and control of magnetic states and magnetic phase transitions in two-dimensional layered materials.