Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 Oct;33(4):1410-1427. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420000590.
Alcohol and other substance use problems are common, and the efficacy of current prevention and intervention programs is limited. Genetics may contribute to differential effectiveness of psychosocial prevention and intervention programs. This paper reviews gene-by-intervention (G×I) studies of alcohol and other substance use, and implications for integrating genetics into prevention science. Systematic review yielded 17 studies for inclusion. Most studies focused on youth substance prevention, alcohol was the most common outcome, and measures of genotype were heterogeneous. All studies reported at least one significant G×I interaction. We discuss these findings in the context of the history and current state of genetics, and provide recommendations for future G×I research. These include the integration of genome-wide polygenic scores into prevention studies, broad outcome measurement, recruitment of underrepresented populations, testing mediators of G×I effects, and addressing ethical implications. Integrating genetic research into prevention science, and training researchers to work fluidly across these fields, will enhance our ability to determine the best intervention for each individual across development. With growing public interest in obtaining personalized genetic information, we anticipate that the integration of genetics and prevention science will become increasingly important as we move into the era of precision medicine.
酒精和其他物质使用问题很常见，当前预防和干预计划的效果有限。遗传学可能会影响心理社会预防和干预计划的有效性。本文综述了酒精和其他物质使用的基因-干预（G×I）研究，以及将遗传学纳入预防科学的意义。系统综述共纳入 17 项研究。大多数研究都集中在青少年物质预防上，酒精是最常见的结果，基因型的测量方法也存在差异。所有研究都报告了至少一个显著的 G×I 相互作用。我们根据遗传学的历史和现状讨论了这些发现，并为未来的 G×I 研究提供了建议。这些建议包括将全基因组多基因评分纳入预防研究、广泛的结果测量、代表性不足人群的招募、测试 G×I 效应的中介因素，以及解决伦理问题。将遗传研究纳入预防科学，并培训研究人员在这些领域之间灵活地工作，将增强我们在整个发育过程中为每个个体确定最佳干预措施的能力。随着公众对获取个性化遗传信息的兴趣日益增长，我们预计随着精准医学时代的到来，遗传学与预防科学的结合将变得越来越重要。
