Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia.
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2020;80(2):172-178.
In this review we briefly discuss animal experiments involving acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and the need for larger animals in testing experimental therapies. This literature overview, including the discussion of our own results from animal models, examines the use of hypothermia as a treatment method for SCI. Finally, we report the results of hypothermia application in clinical trials. Minipigs have been proposed as a potentially preferable model to rodents (typically rats) for predicting outcomes in human SCI due to their closer anatomical similarity to humans. In various animal studies, hypothermic treatment applied in the acute phase after SCI has resulted in neuroprotective effects, most likely due to inhibition of blood flow and oxygen consumption and reduction of overall metabolic activity and inflammation, resulting in improved nerve tissue sparing. Small‑scale human clinical trials have been carried out, involving general (whole‑body, systemic) or local hypothermia (close to the SCI site), with encouraging results. Nevertheless, further multi‑center, randomized, double‑blind studies with much larger patient numbers are necessary so that protocols can be standardized in order for hypothermia treatment to be reliably applied in clinical practice .
在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了涉及急性创伤性脊髓损伤 (SCI) 的动物实验，以及在测试实验性治疗方法中需要更大动物的必要性。本文献综述包括我们自己的动物模型研究结果的讨论，考察了低温作为 SCI 治疗方法的应用。最后，我们报告了临床试验中低温应用的结果。由于迷你猪在解剖学上与人类更为相似，因此被提议作为一种可能优于啮齿动物（通常是大鼠）的模型，用于预测人类 SCI 的结果。在各种动物研究中，SCI 后急性期应用低温治疗已产生神经保护作用，这可能是由于抑制血流和氧气消耗以及降低整体代谢活性和炎症，从而改善神经组织的保留。已经进行了小规模的人体临床试验，涉及全身（全身、系统性）或局部低温（接近 SCI 部位），结果令人鼓舞。然而，需要进行更多的多中心、随机、双盲研究，患者数量要大得多，以便能够标准化方案，以便低温治疗能够可靠地应用于临床实践。
