Razga Zsolt
Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2020 Jun 12;13:147-156. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S246476. eCollection 2020.
Glomerular filtration rate is controlled by the contractile effect of angiotensin II on afferent and efferent arterioles. The renin positivity of the afferent arterioles depends on tubuloglomerular feedback via the macula densa (MD) and short loop feedback via the afferent arteriolar endothelia. The renin-producing cells are trans-differentiated from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of mainly the afferent arterioles, the MD cells are trans-differentiated from the neighboring tubular cells, and the high-permeability endothelial cells are trans-differentiated from normal permeability endothelial cells facing the renin-negative part of the afferent arterioles. All of the trans-differentiations depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The distribution of AT1 receptors for angiotensin II expresses the contractile effects of angiotensin II on renin-negative SMCs and the negative effect on trans-differentiation of renin-positive SMCs and MD cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the stereological data of molecules like angiotensin II AT1 receptors, L-type calcium channels, and renin receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rat kidneys, thus showing their functional relevancies on trans-differentiation among the juxtaglomerular apparatus' elements.
肾小球滤过率受血管紧张素II对入球小动脉和出球小动脉的收缩作用控制。入球小动脉的肾素阳性取决于通过致密斑的管球反馈以及通过入球小动脉内皮细胞的短环反馈。产生肾素的细胞主要从入球小动脉的平滑肌细胞转分化而来，致密斑细胞从相邻的肾小管细胞转分化而来，高通透性内皮细胞从面对入球小动脉肾素阴性部分的正常通透性内皮细胞转分化而来。所有这些转分化都依赖于肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）的活性。血管紧张素II的AT1受体分布体现了血管紧张素II对肾素阴性平滑肌细胞的收缩作用以及对肾素阳性平滑肌细胞和致密斑细胞转分化的负面影响。本综述的目的是总结正常和链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏球旁器中血管紧张素II AT1受体、L型钙通道和肾素受体等分子的体视学数据，从而展示它们在球旁器各成分转分化中的功能相关性。
