CREA, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2156:43-52. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0660-5_5.
Cereal species can be damaged by frost either during winter or at flowering stage. Frost tolerance per se is only a part of the mechanisms that allow plants to survive during winter, while winter-hardiness also considers other biotic or physical stresses that challenge the plants during the winter season, limiting their survival rate. While frost tolerance can also be tested in controlled environments, winter-hardiness can only be determined with field evaluations. Post-heading frost damage occurs from radiation frost events in spring during the reproductive stages. A reliable evaluation of winter-hardiness or of post heading frost damage should be carried out with field trials replicated across years and locations to overcome the irregular occurrence of natural conditions which satisfactorily differentiate genotypes. The evaluation of post-heading frost damage requires a specific attention to plant phenology. The extent of frost damage is traditionally determined with a visual score at the end of the winter, although, recently an image-based phenotyping coupled with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed.
谷类作物可能在冬季或开花期受到霜害。耐霜性本身只是植物在冬季生存的机制的一部分，而冬季抗寒性还考虑了冬季期间挑战植物的其他生物或物理胁迫，从而限制了它们的存活率。虽然可以在受控环境中测试耐霜性，但只能通过田间评估来确定冬季抗寒性。春季在生殖阶段发生辐射霜事件，导致抽穗后霜害。为了克服自然条件的不规则发生，从而满意地区分基因型，应该通过多年和多个地点的田间试验来可靠地评估冬季抗寒性或抽穗后霜害。对抽穗后霜害的评估需要特别注意植物物候。传统上，在冬季结束时使用目视评分来确定霜害的程度，尽管最近已经提出了一种基于图像的表型分析结合无人机 (UAV) 的方法。
