Yang Cai-di, Zong Yu-Tong, Lu Sheng-Gao
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Apr 8;41(4):1914-1920. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201910102.
To investigate the dynamic effects of biochars produced from different biomass materials on farmland soil acidity, exchangeable cations, phosphorus nutrient, and crop yield, a field experiment was performed on acid paddy soil. Five types of biochars-rice straw biochar (RSB), maize straw biochar (MSB), wheat straw biochar (WSB), rice husk biochar (RHB), and bamboo charcoal (BCB)-were applied to farmland soil at mass fraction of 0.1%. No biochar addition was used as control treatment (CK). The soil physicochemical properties and crop yields were analyzed after harvesting rice, rapeseed, and corn crops. Results indicated that the addition of biochars could effectively increase soil pH and exchangeable cations and reduce exchangeable acid content, but the effects decreased with time. The biochars increased the content of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg and decreased the exchangeable Na content in soils. The biochars increased the contents of organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus (Al-P and Fe-P). Compared with the control treatment, biochars significantly (<0.05) increased the yields of rice, oil seed, and maize crops. Rice husk biochar (RHB) had the best effect in improving acid soil physicochemical properties and increasing crop yield.
为研究不同生物质原料制备的生物炭对农田土壤酸度、交换性阳离子、磷养分及作物产量的动态影响，在酸性水稻土上进行了田间试验。将5种生物炭——稻草生物炭（RSB）、玉米秸秆生物炭（MSB）、小麦秸秆生物炭（WSB）、稻壳生物炭（RHB）和竹炭（BCB）——以质量分数0.1%施用于农田土壤。不添加生物炭作为对照处理（CK）。在收获水稻、油菜和玉米作物后分析土壤理化性质和作物产量。结果表明，添加生物炭可有效提高土壤pH值和交换性阳离子含量，降低交换性酸含量，但效果随时间下降。生物炭增加了土壤中交换性钾、钙和镁的含量，降低了交换性钠含量。生物炭增加了土壤有机质（SOM）、有效磷、全磷和无机磷（铝磷和铁磷）的含量。与对照处理相比，生物炭显著（<0.05）提高了水稻、油料作物和玉米作物的产量。稻壳生物炭（RHB）在改善酸性土壤理化性质和提高作物产量方面效果最佳。
