[Relationship Between Urban Industrialization and PM Concentration in China and the Internal Mechanism of EKC].

Based on the panel data of 255 cities in China, this study built a spatial Durbin model to study the impact of China's industrialization on the PM pollution level. Meanwhile, an environmental governance tool characterized by forest and grass coverage was introduced to explore the internal mechanism and exogenous driving force of EKC. The results show that ① the relationship between industrialization and PM concentration is obviously an inverted u-shaped, and the EKC hypothesis was verified. ② The formation of the EKC curve was caused by the external factors and not the endogenous mechanism of economic growth. Forest-grass coverage plays a regulating role in the relationship between industrialization and PM pollution level, namely the inverted u-shaped structure of environmental EKC results from environmental governance tool with forest and grass cover rather than the automatic adjustment of economic growth. ③ The influence of industrialization on PM concentration has a spatial spillover effect. Urban industrialization not only affects the PM concentration in local regions but also its neighboring region.