Wang Kai, Fan Shou-Bin, Qi Hao-Yun
Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Jun 8;41(6):2602-2608. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201912005.
This study aimed to establish the emission factors and the emission inventory of agricultural machinery in Beijing in 2017 under real-world operation. The emissions of typical harvesters, tractors, agricultural transport vehicles, and farm construction machinery under real-world operation were tested by a portable emission measurement system. The results showed that different operation modes have a greater impact on the tailpipe emissions of agricultural machinery. The CO, NO, HC, and PM emissions were relatively stable when the engine is idling and moving compared to when the excavator is performing actual work. According to the classification and emission standards of various types of machinery, a relatively perfect emission factor system of agricultural machinery in Beijing was established, which can provide reference and support for relevant research and management decisions. According to the emission factors of agricultural machinery and fuel consumption in Beijing, the emissions of CO, NO, HC, and PM in 2017 were 2566.60, 1239.29, 563.08, and 538.32 t, respectively. The total pollutants of transport machinery, tractors, and combined harvester accounted for 98%, 95%, 95%, and 98% of the total concentrations of CO, NO, HC, and PM, respectively. Therefore, transport machinery, tractor, and combined harvester should be the key control objects in the reduction of agricultural machinery pollution.
本研究旨在确定2017年北京市实际作业情况下农业机械的排放因子及排放清单。采用便携式排放测量系统对典型收割机、拖拉机、农用运输车辆和农田建设机械在实际作业情况下的排放进行了测试。结果表明，不同作业模式对农业机械的尾气排放影响较大。与挖掘机实际作业时相比，发动机怠速和行驶时一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NO）、碳氢化合物（HC）和颗粒物（PM）排放相对稳定。依据各类机械的分类及排放标准，建立了较为完善的北京市农业机械排放因子体系，可为相关研究及管理决策提供参考与支持。根据北京市农业机械排放因子及燃油消耗情况，2017年CO、NO、HC和PM排放量分别为2566.60吨、1239.29吨、563.08吨和538.32吨。运输机械、拖拉机和联合收割机的污染物总量分别占CO、NO、HC和PM总浓度的98%、95%、95%和98%。因此，运输机械、拖拉机和联合收割机应成为农业机械污染减排的重点管控对象。
