Wang Xuan, Niu Si-Ping, Song Xiao-Long, Rao Zhu, Zhan Nan
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecological Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Jul 8;41(7):3240-3248. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201912076.
In recent years, microplastics (MPs) in the environment has become a topic of increasing concern. In this study, typical urban lakes, such as Yushan Lake and Nanhu Lake in Maanshan City, were selected to study the physical morphology and spatial distribution characteristics of MPs in sediments in spring and summer and to explore the sources of MPs in the lakes. On average, MPs in sediments occurred with a content of (0.0284±0.0597) g·kg and abundance of (278.9±529.1) n·kg in spring, and (0.0317±0.0778) g·kg and (277.1±395.6) n·kg in summer, respectively. Using a paired sample -test, it was found that there was no significant correlation difference between the content (=22, =-0.269, =0.791) and the abundance (=22, =0.035, =0.973) of MPs in the spring and summer sediments. Regarding shape, the MPs in the sediments in the study area were divided into three types:fiber, film, and particle, accounting for 52.9%, 28.9%, and 18.2%, respectively. Size-fraction analysis indicated MPs<1 mm made up the majority, accounting for 83.9% of the total number. It was found that the MPs were mainly polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) polymers with seriously weathered surfaces. The sediments, which were adjacent either to land with a large stream of people and vehicles or to areas with frequent watersports, had notably high abundance of MPs, revealing the close correlation between the spatial distribution of MPs in lake sediments and human activities. It is thought that atmospheric precipitation (fiber), stormwater, washing of clothes (fiber), degradation of large plastics in the lake, and fishing activities (fishing nets, foam) are the main sources of MPs in lake sediments.
近年来，环境中的微塑料已成为一个日益受到关注的话题。本研究选取了马鞍山市典型的城市湖泊，如雨山湖和南湖，以研究春夏季沉积物中微塑料的物理形态和空间分布特征，并探讨湖泊中微塑料的来源。春季沉积物中微塑料的平均含量为（0.0284±0.0597）克·千克，丰度为（278.9±529.1）个·千克；夏季平均含量为（0.0317±0.0778）克·千克，丰度为（277.1±395.6）个·千克。通过配对样本检验发现，春夏季沉积物中微塑料的含量（n = 22，t = -0.269，p = 0.791）和丰度（n = 22，t = 0.035，p = 0.973）之间没有显著的相关性差异。在形状方面，研究区域沉积物中的微塑料分为三种类型：纤维、薄膜和颗粒，分别占52.9%﹑28.9%和18.2%。粒径分析表明，粒径小于1毫米的微塑料占多数，占总数的83.9%。研究发现，微塑料主要是表面严重风化的聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）聚合物。与人员和车辆流量大的陆地或水上运动频繁的区域相邻的沉积物中微塑料的丰度显著较高，这表明湖泊沉积物中微塑料的空间分布与人类活动密切相关。据认为，大气降水（纤维）、雨水、衣物洗涤（纤维）、湖泊中大型塑料的降解以及渔业活动（渔网、泡沫）是湖泊沉积物中微塑料的主要来源。
