Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2020 Jul 1;15(7):e0232998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232998. eCollection 2020.
The study tried to determine if malnutrition (underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight) and enamel defects (enamel hypoplasia, hypomineralized second molar, amelogenesis imperfecta, fluorosis) were associated with early childhood caries (ECC). The study also examined whether malnutrition was associated with the presence of enamel defects in 0-5-year-old children.
The study was a secondary analysis of primary data of a cross-sectional study assessing the association between maternal psychosocial health and ECC in sub-urban Nigerian population collected in December 2018 and January 2019. One hundred and fifty nine children were recruited. Exploratory variables were malnutrition and enamel defects. The outcome variables were the prevalence of ECC in 0-2-year-old, 3-5-year-old, and 0-5-year-old children. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the associations, and socioeconomic status, oral hygiene status, and frequency of in-between-meals sugar consumption were adjusted for. The adjusted prevalence ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p values were calculated.
The prevalence of ECC was 2.1% in 0-2-year-old children and 4.9% in 3-5-year-old children. In adjusted models, underweight, stunting, and wasting/overweight were not significant risk indicators for ECC in either age group. 0-2-year-old children who had amelogenesis imperfecta (p<0.001) and fluorosis (p<0.001) were more likely to have ECC than were children who did not have these lesions. 3-5-year-old children who had hypoplasia (p = 0.004), amelogenesis imperfecta (p<0.001) and fluorosis (p<0.001) were more likely to have ECC than were children who did not have these lesions. 0-5-year-old children with hypoplasia (p<0.001) and fluorosis (p<0.001) were more likely to have ECC than were children who did not have these lesions. There were significant associations between various types of malnutrition and various types of enamel defects.
Although different types of malnutrition were associated with enamel defects, and enamel defects were associated with ECC, malnutrition was not associated with ECC. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between malnutrition and genetically and toxin-induced enamel defects.
本研究旨在确定营养不良（体重不足、发育迟缓、消瘦/超重）和牙釉质缺陷（牙釉质发育不全、第二磨牙矿化不全、牙釉质不全、氟斑牙）是否与幼儿龋病（ECC）有关。本研究还检查了营养不良是否与 0-5 岁儿童牙釉质缺陷的存在有关。
本研究是对 2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 1 月在尼日利亚郊区进行的一项横断面研究中母婴社会心理健康与 ECC 相关性的原始数据进行的二次分析。共招募了 159 名儿童。探索性变量为营养不良和牙釉质缺陷。结局变量为 0-2 岁、3-5 岁和 0-5 岁儿童的 ECC 患病率。多变量泊松回归分析用于确定相关性，并调整了社会经济状况、口腔卫生状况和两餐之间糖摄入频率。计算了调整后的患病率比、95%置信区间和 p 值。
0-2 岁儿童 ECC 的患病率为 2.1%，3-5 岁儿童为 4.9%。在调整后的模型中，体重不足、发育迟缓、消瘦/超重并不是这两个年龄段 ECC 的显著危险因素。患有牙釉质不全（p<0.001）和氟斑牙（p<0.001）的 0-2 岁儿童比没有这些病变的儿童更容易发生 ECC。患有牙釉质发育不全（p = 0.004）、牙釉质不全（p<0.001）和氟斑牙（p<0.001）的 3-5 岁儿童比没有这些病变的儿童更容易发生 ECC。0-5 岁儿童中，牙釉质发育不全（p<0.001）和氟斑牙（p<0.001）的儿童比没有这些病变的儿童更容易发生 ECC。各种类型的营养不良与各种类型的牙釉质缺陷之间存在显著关联。
尽管不同类型的营养不良与牙釉质缺陷有关，牙釉质缺陷与 ECC 有关，但营养不良与 ECC 无关。需要进一步的研究来阐明营养不良与遗传和毒素诱导的牙釉质缺陷之间的关系。
