Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020 Oct;23(5):625-633. doi: 10.1007/s00737-020-01049-5. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
The postpartum period may be a particular window of vulnerability for eating disorder symptoms given changes to body shape and weight that women experience. However, no quantitative studies have identified risk factors for postpartum eating disorder symptoms, and current psychosocial frameworks of risk may be missing key elements unique to this period. This manuscript reviews existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding the developmental trajectory of eating disorder symptoms during the perinatal period and proposes an application of three psychosocial models of eating disorder risk (objectification theory, the tripartite influence model of body image and eating disturbances, and social comparison theory) to the postpartum period. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative literature, this paper identifies novel postpartum-specific factors that should be included for consideration in psychosocial models (e.g., self-oriented body comparison and pressure to achieve a prepregnancy weight and shape). This review is the first to theorize potential postpartum-specific risk factors for postpartum eating disorder symptoms. Prior models of eating disorder risk omit key psychosocial factors that are unique to the postpartum period. Other limitations of prior research relate to measurement and methodology. This critical window of vulnerability has been largely ignored in the quantitative literature and necessitates further research.
鉴于女性在产后会经历身体形态和体重的变化，产后阶段可能是出现饮食障碍症状的一个特殊脆弱时期。然而，目前还没有定量研究确定产后饮食障碍症状的风险因素，并且当前的风险社会心理框架可能缺少这一时期特有的关键因素。本文回顾了关于围产期饮食障碍症状发展轨迹的现有定量和定性文献，并提出将三种饮食障碍风险的社会心理模型（身体客体化理论、身体意象和饮食障碍的三重影响模型以及社会比较理论）应用于产后阶段。本文通过定量和定性文献，确定了应纳入社会心理模型以考虑的新的产后特定因素（例如，自我导向的身体比较以及对达到孕前体重和体型的压力）。这是首次对产后饮食障碍症状的潜在产后特定风险因素进行理论化。先前的饮食障碍风险模型忽略了产后阶段特有的关键社会心理因素。先前研究的其他局限性与测量和方法有关。这一易受伤害的关键时期在定量文献中基本被忽视，需要进一步研究。
