School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
J Fish Biol. 2020 Oct;97(4):964-973. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14451. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Predator-prey size (PPS) relationships are determined by predator behaviour, with the likelihood of prey being eaten dependent on their size relative to that of the consumer. Published PPS relationships for 30 pelagic or benthic marine fish species were analysed using quantile regression to determine how median, lower and upper prey sizes varied with predator size and habitat. Habitat effects on predator foraging activity/mode, morphology, growth and natural mortality are quantified and the effects on PPS relationships explored. Pelagic species are more active, more likely to move by caudal fin propulsion and grow more rapidly but have higher mortality rates than benthic species, where the need for greater manoeuvrability when foraging in more physically complex habitats favours ambush predators using pectoral fin propulsion. Prey size increased with predator size in most species, but pelagic species ate relatively smaller prey than benthic predators. As pelagic predators grew, lower prey size limits changed little, and prey size range increased but median relative prey size declined, whereas the lower limit increased and median relative prey size was constant or increased in benthic species.
捕食者-猎物大小（PPS）关系由捕食者的行为决定，猎物被吃掉的可能性取决于它们相对于消费者的大小。使用分位数回归分析了 30 种海洋洄游或底栖鱼类的已发表 PPS 关系，以确定中位数、下限和上限猎物大小如何随捕食者大小和栖息地而变化。量化了栖息地对捕食者觅食活动/模式、形态、生长和自然死亡率的影响，并探讨了这些影响对 PPS 关系的影响。洄游物种更活跃，更有可能通过尾鳍推进来移动，生长速度更快，但死亡率高于底栖物种，在物理环境更复杂的栖息地觅食时，需要更高的机动性，这有利于使用胸鳍推进的伏击捕食者。在大多数物种中，猎物大小随捕食者大小的增加而增加，但洄游性鱼类捕食的猎物相对较小。随着洄游性捕食者的生长，较低的猎物大小限制变化不大，猎物大小范围增加，但相对猎物大小的中位数下降，而底栖物种的下限增加，相对猎物大小的中位数保持不变或增加。
