Levi Sharon, Lee Hyunshik, Ren Weijia, McCloskey Shawn, Polson Adele
Center for Transportation, Technology & Safety Research, Westat, Rockville, Maryland.
School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Isarel.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020;21(7):453-458. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1782896. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Research indicates that hands-on instruction on installation and use of child restraint systems (CRSs) is an effective method to reduce misuse. However, use of these services is low. The objective of the Awareness and Availability of Child Passenger Safety Information Resources (AACPSIR) Survey was to estimate the degree of awareness caregivers have of CRS inspection stations. The survey also evaluated the relationships among caregiver confidence and risk perceptions as well as potential barriers and facilitators to inspection station use.
The AACPSIR was a web-based cross-sectional survey targeting a nationally representative sample of adults who drove with children aged 0-9 at least twice a month. An address-based sample was selected using a cluster sample design. Caregivers who reported driving frequently with child passengers answered questions on awareness and use of inspection stations, confidence related to CRS use, and barriers and facilitators to inspection station use.
Data were collected from 1,565 households. In all, 66.9% of respondents were aware of inspection stations, but only 44.2% reported that they had used these services. Most caregivers indicated that they were confident (91.7%) that the car seat was installed correctly. A quarter of the respondents indicated a reason that might prevent them from using an inspection station was that they "don't think it's necessary". A long wait time (66.5%), distance (65.2%), and schedule conflicts (63.9%) were also frequently indicated as potential barriers. Conversely, among inspection station users, most did not need to make an appointment (73%), and over half indicated that the station was five miles or less from their home and within a 15-minute drive.
The AACPSIR Survey results suggest a segment of caregivers share a positive safety culture, including knowledge of CPS services and use of those services. Of concern are caregivers who did not access an inspection station because they indicated it was not necessary, they already knew how to install the CRS, or pointed to other inconveniences. Future intervention programs that target caregivers unfamiliar with inspection stations or believe that the services are not necessary have the potential to improve child passenger safety.
研究表明，针对儿童约束系统（CRS）安装和使用的实践指导是减少误用的有效方法。然而，这些服务的使用率较低。儿童乘客安全信息资源的知晓度与可及性（AACPSIR）调查的目的是估计照料者对CRS检查站的知晓程度。该调查还评估了照料者的信心与风险认知之间的关系，以及使用检查站的潜在障碍和促进因素。
AACPSIR是一项基于网络的横断面调查，目标是抽取一个具有全国代表性的样本，即每月至少两次开车搭载0至9岁儿童的成年人。采用整群抽样设计选取基于地址的样本。经常开车搭载儿童乘客的照料者回答了关于检查站知晓度和使用情况、与CRS使用相关的信心以及使用检查站的障碍和促进因素等问题。
从1565户家庭收集了数据。总体而言，66.9%的受访者知晓检查站，但只有44.2%的人报告称他们使用过这些服务。大多数照料者表示他们有信心（91.7%）汽车座椅安装正确。四分之一的受访者指出可能阻止他们使用检查站的一个原因是他们“认为没有必要”。长时间等待（66.5%）、距离（65.2%）和日程冲突（63.9%）也经常被指出是潜在障碍。相反，在检查站使用者中，大多数人不需要预约（73%），超过一半的人表示检查站距离他们家在五英里或以内，开车15分钟即可到达。
AACPSIR调查结果表明，一部分照料者具有积极的安全文化，包括对儿童乘客安全服务的了解和对这些服务的使用。令人担忧的是那些没有使用检查站的照料者，因为他们表示没有必要、已经知道如何安装CRS，或者指出了其他不便之处。未来针对不熟悉检查站或认为这些服务没有必要的照料者的干预项目有可能提高儿童乘客的安全性。
