Belgian Road Safety Institute (BRSI), Chaussée de Haecht 1405, 1130 Brussels, Belgium.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Jan;62:369-76. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.021. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
In September 2011 the Belgian Road Safety Institute (BRSI) conducted its first roadside survey of child restraint system (CRS) use and misuse. The aim of this study was to obtain population-bases estimates of the prevalence of use and misuse of CRS and to identify predictors of misuse on the basis of observations in real traffic conditions. The survey was conducted on randomly selected sites across the country, stratified across various types of journeys. The principal parameters analysed were: the characteristics of the children and the car drivers, type of journey, types of CRS and types of misuse. The sample consisted of 1461 children (under 135cm) for whom the conditions of restraint were observed in detail and the driver was interviewed. At least 50% of the children were not correctly restrained and 10% were not restrained at all. The most significant factors associated with CRS use were the use of a seatbelt by the driver (31% of unrestrained children for unbelted drivers, compared to 7% for belted drivers - only 32% of correctly restrained children for unbelted drivers compared to 54% for belted drivers), whether the CRS was bought in a specialized shop (only 27% of misuse compared to 45% of misuse for CRS both in supermarkets) and the age of the children. The proportion of correctly restrained children (appropriate without misuse, the bottom category in the figure) has a roughly curvilinear relation with age; decreasing from 75% at age 0 to 24% at age 8 and going back up to 63% at age 10. Although the sample of ISOFIX users was small (n=76), it appears that the ISOFIX system reduced misuse significantly. Most of the drivers were ignorant of their own errors concerning the inappropriateness and/or misuse of the CRS or they were remiss and underestimated the risk. The three main reasons given by the drivers to explain or justify the misuse noticed were: low attention level to safety (inattention, time pressure, and short distance), the child's resistance to be restrained, children restraining themselves and problems with the CRS. The present results suggest little or no change in the level of correct CRS use over the last five years and clearly reveal the unacceptably high levels of incorrect and/or inappropriate CRS use. This calls for campaigns and other actions to inform and motivate the population.
2011 年 9 月，比利时道路安全研究所（BRSI）首次进行了儿童约束系统（CRS）使用和误用的路边调查。这项研究的目的是根据实际交通条件下的观察结果，获得 CRS 使用和误用的基于人群的估计，并确定误用的预测因素。该调查在全国范围内随机选择地点进行，按不同类型的行程进行分层。主要分析的参数是：儿童和驾驶员的特征、行程类型、CRS 类型和误用类型。样本包括 1461 名（身高不足 135 厘米）儿童，详细观察了他们的约束条件，并对驾驶员进行了访谈。至少有 50%的儿童没有正确约束，10%的儿童根本没有约束。与 CRS 使用最相关的显著因素是驾驶员系安全带（未系安全带的驾驶员中，有 31%的儿童未系安全带，而系安全带的驾驶员中只有 7% - 只有 32%的儿童正确系安全带，而系安全带的驾驶员中只有 54%），CRS 是否在专卖店购买（仅在超市购买的 CRS 有 27%的误用，而有 45%的误用）和儿童的年龄。正确约束儿童的比例（无误用，图中的最低类别）与年龄大致呈曲线关系；从 0 岁时的 75%下降到 8 岁时的 24%，再上升到 10 岁时的 63%。尽管 ISOFIX 用户的样本很小（n=76），但 ISOFIX 系统似乎显著减少了误用。大多数驾驶员对 CRS 的不适当性和/或误用自己的错误一无所知，或者他们疏忽大意，低估了风险。驾驶员为解释或证明所注意到的误用而给出的三个主要原因是：对安全的关注度低（注意力不集中、时间压力和短距离）、孩子反抗被约束、孩子自己约束和 CRS 问题。目前的结果表明，在过去五年中，正确使用 CRS 的水平几乎没有变化，并且清楚地显示出不正确和/或不适当的 CRS 使用水平仍然很高。这需要开展宣传和其他行动，让公众了解并受到激励。
