Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
J Neurochem. 2021 Jan;156(2):162-181. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15112. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future.
外泌体是几乎所有细胞类型在生理和病理条件下释放的小型细胞外囊泡。外泌体具有揭示疾病机制的潜力，或者可以作为生物标志物的来源，这一潜力正在得到探索，特别是在神经退行性疾病领域。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是世界上最常见的神经退行性疾病，外泌体似乎在疾病发病机制中具有重要作用。这篇综述总结了目前关于外泌体对 AD 的贡献的知识，以及它们作为疾病生物标志物资源或治疗靶点的用途。本文描述了 AD 蛋白质和 miRNA 生物标志物候选物的最新发现，突出了该领域的最新进展，并鼓励在不久的将来将源自生物体液的外泌体用于临床实践。
